Mid-IR optical sensor for CO2 detection based on fluorescence absorbance of Dy3+:Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 fibers

Abstract

International audienceThe Dy3+ doped Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 bulk glass provides good emission efficiency in the middle IR with a better brightness than the blackbody sources. Sulfide single index fibers doped with Dy3+ (500-​3000 ppm) were drawn with optical attenuation of about 1-​3 dB​/m, suitable to develop fluorescence sources for chem. anal. by optical absorption in middle IR. They particularly present a broad emission around 4-​5 μm, making them attractive for CO2 detection. Considering the low cost and efficient Dy3+ pumping scheme by means of a com. laser diode, the Dy3+ sulfide fiber reveals potential for developing a CO2 optical sensor. Using the 4.35 μm broad emission of a Dy3+ doped Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 fiber combined with a differential measurement technique, the CO2 gas concn. measurement was carried out fruitfully. For this specific application, the CO2 detection threshold was fixed at about 400 ppm corresponding to atm. concn. and was successfully reached for a cell length of 1.5 cm with a resoln. of about 5​%. The sensitivity of the setup is mainly related to the size of the cell, deliberately reduced to develop a robust and compact system for natural geol. sites

Glass and Process Development for the Next Generation of Optical Fibers: A Review

“…For this reason, new compositions with the addition of gallium (or indium) have been developed and investigated. Ga-La-S [188] and Ge-Ge-Sb-S (Se) [186,190] are examples of glass matrices that can host several thousand ppm of RE doping. Among the different RE ions, the most studied ions are Dy 3+ and Pr 3+ .…”

“…Among the different RE ions, the most studied ions are Dy 3+ and Pr 3+ . The Dy 3+ ion exhibits two mid-IR emissions centered at 2.9 µm and 4.3 µm [190]. With Pr 3+ ions, broad IR emissions from 3.5 µm-5 µm, with a maximum at 4.7 µm, have been studied [186].…”

“…With Pr 3+ ions, broad IR emissions from 3.5 µm-5 µm, with a maximum at 4.7 µm, have been studied [186]. In [190], the broad fluorescence from 3.5 µm-4.7 µm of Dy 3+ chalcogenide-doped fibers has been used for detection on CO 2 gas, which has a strong absorption band at 4.26 µm. In that study, the mid-IR fluorescence source obtained permits one to detect a concentration of CO 2 down to a concentration of about 500 ppm.…”

Modelling and Design of Lanthanide Ion-Doped Chalcogenide Fiber Lasers: Progress towards the Practical Realization of the First MIR Chalcogenide Fiber Laser

“…Additionally, novel technology has been developed to reduce the fiber end facet reflection using direct stamping for nanoimprinting moth-eye structures [21]. Several sensors have been successfully realized using MIR light and chalcogenide glass technology [22][23][24]. All these achievements show the enormous potential of chalcogenide glass fiber technology, which will hopefully one day lead to the successful realization of lanthanide ion-doped chalcogenide glass fiber-based lasers with operating wavelengths beyond 4 µm.…”

Numerical modelling of Tb3+ doped selenide-chalcogenide multimode fibre based spontaneous emission sources

“…So far, the success in this field of research is limited to operating wavelengths less than 4 lm. However, the spontaneous emission MIR light fibre sources recently realised using lanthanide ion doped multimode fibres have exceeded the 4 lm barrier and found applications in sensor technology (Starecki et al 2015;Chahal et al 2016). Such sources are potentially highly reliable, low cost, and robust.…”