This paper investigates urban inequality trends in India, with a focus on Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Gujarat, and Odisha. Utilizing census data spanning over a century, the study analyzes the historical evolution of urbanization and disparities in population distribution. Findings indicate diverse patterns of urban growth and inequality among the selected states. Kerala emerges as a leader in urbanization, experiencing substantial population shifts, while Himachal Pradesh and Odisha exhibit slower rates of urban expansion. Gujarat demonstrates significant urbanization, reflecting its economic development trajectory. The research paper underscores the importance of targeted policies to address urban inequality amidst rapid urbanization in India. Overall, the study contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of urbanization and inequality, offering implications for informed policy formulation and sustainable urban development practices.