Middle Ear Function in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected South African Children

Torre, Peter

doi:10.24218/jpci.2016.04

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Studies on adults living with HIV also reported that middle ear pathologies result from opportunistic infections because of a low immune system resulting from a declined number of CD4 T cells (Obasineke et al, 2014;Van der Westhuizen et al, 2013). However, in one study (Torre et al, 2016), middle ear pathologies were only associated with flat tympanogram and otorrohea. The difference between previous studies and findings in this study by Torre et al (2016) may be because of different sample sizes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…All of the studies were conducted in four LMICs countries, particularly in African countries. The researchers included children with HIV-infection and children without HIV-infection and compared the results between the two groups (Maro et al, 2016;Taipale et al, 2011;Torre et al, 2016). The prevalence of CSOM in children living with HIV was higher in 0-2-year-old children by 36% (Taipale et al, 2011).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Middle ear pathologies in children living with HIV: A scoping review

Sebothoma

Maluleke

2022

South African Journal of Communication Disorders

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Background: Middle ear pathologies are associated with and persist in individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Yet, limited research exists on middle ear pathologies in children living with human immunodeficiency viruses.Objective: To systematically review evidence of middle ear pathologies in children living with HIV, how it is described, measures used to describe it and other relevant information.Methods: This study was a scoping review. The data were collected from different electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Web of Science. The electronic database search was conducted for articles published between January 2010 and December 2020. Keywords used for searching relevant articles included ‘middle ear pathology’, ‘middle ear disorder’, ‘children’, ‘HIV’, ‘otitis media (OM)’, ‘hearing loss (HL)’, ‘hearing impairment’, ‘paediatric’, ‘minors’, ‘infants’ and ‘HIV/AIDS’. Only articles that were published in English and reported on the middle ear function and pathologies of children living with HIV were considered.Results: A total of 350 articles were extracted through databases, but only six studies were eligible and included for further analysis. Studies reviewed suggested that middle ear pathologies in children living with HIV exist and are common. Recurrent OM, type B tympanogram, chronic OM and HL with conductive element were common. Tympanometry with a 226 Hz probe tone and air bone gap were used commonly to establish the presence of middle ear pathology.Conclusion: The findings of this study highlighted that despite the dearth of evidence in this area, available evidence indicates that children living with HIV are at increased risk of middle ear pathology. However, studies in this review have mostly used middle ear measures with poor sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the prevalence and nature of middle ear pathologies in studies reviewed may have been underreported. Further research using sensitive measures such as wideband acoustic immittance is required. Despite the paucity of evidence, the current findings raise important clinical implications for the assessment and management of middle ear pathologies in children living with HIV.Contribution: This study makes a significant contribution to the literature regarding middle ear pathologies and HIV, particularly in children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Characteristics Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle ear pathologies in children living with HIV: A scoping review

Sebothoma

Maluleke

2022

South African Journal of Communication Disorders

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“…The brainstem includes the sensory pathway for the auditory nerve. Many studies have reported hearing impairment in children living with HIV on cART (Chao et al, 2012 ; Hrapcak et al, 2016 ; Torre et al, 2012 ; Torre III, 2016 ), which are commonly associated with abnormalities in auditory brainstem responses. The first relay of the primary auditory pathway occurs in the cochlear nuclei in the brainstem, where the basic decoding of duration, intensity, and frequency occurs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal magnetic resonance neuroimaging measures characteristic of early cART‐treated pediatric HIV: A feature selection approach

Khobo

Jankiewicz

Holmes

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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Children with perinatally acquired HIV (CPHIV) have poor cognitive outcomes despite early combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). While CPHIV‐related brain alterations can be investigated separately using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H‐MRS), structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and functional MRI (fMRI), a set of multimodal MRI measures characteristic of children on cART has not been previously identified. We used the embedded feature selection of a logistic elastic‐net (EN) regularization to select neuroimaging measures that distinguish CPHIV from controls and measured their classification performance via the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) using repeated cross validation. We also wished to establish whether combining MRI modalities improved the models. In single modality analysis, sMRI volumes performed best followed by DTI, whereas individual EN models on spectroscopic, gyrification, and cortical thickness measures showed no class discrimination capability. Adding DTI and 1 H‐MRS in basal measures to sMRI volumes produced the highest classification performance . The best multimodal MRI set consisted of 22 DTI and sMRI volume features, which included reduced volumes of the bilateral globus pallidus and amygdala, as well as increased mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) in the right corticospinal tract in cART‐treated CPHIV. Consistent with previous studies of CPHIV, select subcortical volumes obtained from sMRI provide reasonable discrimination between CPHIV and controls. This may give insight into neuroimaging measures that are relevant in understanding the effects of HIV on the brain, thereby providing a starting point for evaluating their link with cognitive performance in CPHIV.

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“…1 Unfortunately, paediatric HIV/AIDS often occurs with a high prevalence of hearing loss (HL). 2,3,4 A recent study in Mthatha 2 reported the prevalence of HL in 32% of the participants whilst a Durban study 3 reported a 51% HL prevalence, both in children who are in the age group of 5-12 years. In Cape Town, the prevalence of HL in children living with HIV/AIDS (CLWHA) aged below 14 years was estimated at 16% (n = 5/37).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Cape Town, the prevalence of HL in children living with HIV/AIDS (CLWHA) aged below 14 years was estimated at 16% (n = 5/37). 4 The high prevalence of HL in children at this age group is of concern given the impact that HL has on childhood development. For instance, HL during childhood negatively impacts communication skills, socio-emotional development and scholastic performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical utility of smartphone-based audiometry for early hearing loss detection in HIV-positive children: A feasibility study

Phanguphangu

Ross

2021

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine

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Background: Paediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) often manifests with hearing loss (HL). Given the impact of HL, early detection is critical to prevent its associated effects. Yet, the majority of children living with HIV/AIDS (CLWHA) cannot access hearing healthcare services because of the scarcity of audiologists and expensive costs of purchasing screening equipment. Alternative solutions for early detection of HL are therefore necessary.Aim: The overall aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using self-administered smartphone-based audiometry for early HL detection amongst CLWHA.Setting: This study was conducted at the paediatrics department of a state hospital in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa.Methods: This was a feasibility study conducted amongst twenty-seven (27) CLWHA who were in the age group of 6–12 years. The participants self-administered hearing screening tests using a smartphone-based audiometric test. The primary end-points of this study were to determine the sensitivity, specificity and test-retest reliability of self-administered hearing screening.Results: The sensitivity and specificity for self-administered screening were 82% and 94%, respectively, with positive and negative predictive values of 90% and 88%, respectively. Moreover, a strong positive test-retest reliability (r = 0.97) was obtained when participants self-administered the screening test.Conclusion: Six- to 12-year-old CLWHA were able to accurately self-administer hearing screening tests using smartphone-based audiometry. These findings show that self-administered smartphone audiometry can be used for serial hearing monitoring in at-risk paediatric patients.

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Middle Ear Function in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected South African Children

Abstract: Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are more likely to have hearing loss and are more susceptible to middle ear infections. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively measure middle ear function, using tympanometry,

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Middle ear pathologies in children living with HIV: A scoping review

Middle ear pathologies in children living with HIV: A scoping review

Multimodal magnetic resonance neuroimaging measures characteristic of early cART‐treated pediatric HIV: A feature selection approach

Clinical utility of smartphone-based audiometry for early hearing loss detection in HIV-positive children: A feasibility study

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