Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Antibodies in Dromedary Camels, Bangladesh, 2015

Islam, Ariful; Epstein, Jonathan H.; Rostal, Melinda K.; Islam, Shariful; Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur; Hossain, Mohammed Enayet; Uzzaman, Mohammed Salim; Munster, Vincent J.; Peiris, Malik; Flora, Meerjady Sabrina; Rahman, Mahmudur; Daszak, Peter

doi:10.3201/eid2405.171192

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Several studies found imported animals to have significantly higher seroprevalence than their locally bred counterparts (22, 25, 29, 30). Dromedaries sampled at markets, abattoirs and quarantine sites had higher seroprevalence than those in farms, villages and research facilities (22, 29, 30, 39). In some cases, dromedary origin varied with the type of site sampled suggesting confounding.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A systematic review of MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) seroprevalence and viral RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: implications for animal vaccination

Dighe

Jombart

Kerkhove

et al. 2019

Preprint

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27Human infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is driven by 28 recurring dromedary-to-human spill-over events, leading decision-makers to consider dromedary 29 vaccination. Dromedary vaccine candidates in the development pipeline are showing hopeful results, 30 but gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology of MERS-CoV in dromedaries must be addressed 31 to design and evaluate potential vaccination strategies. We systematically reviewed the published 32 literature reporting seroprevalence and/or prevalence of active MERS-CoV infection in dromedary 33 populations from both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, including 60 studies in our qualitative 34 syntheses. MERS-CoV seroprevalence increased with age up to 80-100% in adult dromedaries 35 supporting geographically wide spread endemicity of MERS-CoV in dromedaries in both the Arabian 36 Peninsula and countries exporting dromedaries from Africa. The high prevalence of active infection 37 measured in juveniles and at sites where dromedary populations mix should guide further 38 investigation -particularly of dromedary movement -and inform vaccination strategy design. 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 . CC-BY 4.0 International license author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the . https://doi.org/10.1101/574103 doi: bioRxiv preprint 65 studies (7). 66 However, vaccine strategy evaluation is currently precluded by gaps in the understanding of the 67 epidemiology of MERS-CoV in dromedaries. The dromedary population is highly heterogeneous and 68 spans a wide geographic area stretching from West Africa through to the Middle East and parts of 69 Asia. Knowing when and where dromedaries would need to be targeted, and the likely impact of 70 vaccination, is necessary before further consideration of dromedary vaccination in the wider 71 socioeconomic and cultural context. 72 Here, we systematically reviewed published studies that measured MERS-CoV antibody 73 seroprevalence in dromedaries and/or prevalence of viral RNA in dromedaries. Assuming assay 74 specificity and long-term presence of antibodies after infection, seroprevalence can be used to 75 estimate what proportion of a dromedary population has ever been infected with MERS-CoV. Broken 76 down by age class, this can tell us when most animals encounter the infection for the first time. 77 Additionally, although whole-virus isolation and culture is necessary to confirm whether the shedding . CC-BY 4.0 International license author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the . https://doi.org/10.1101/574103 doi: bioRxiv preprint 101 When available, we took the results of neutralisation-based testing over methods that determined 102 seropositivity based on antibody screening tests alone. Neutralising antibody tests are more specific 103 and are the WHO (World Health Organisation) recommended method for confirming MERS-CoV 104 seropositi...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…See Fig 4 for a map of RNA prevalence, and Table 1). Despite moderate seropositivity, surveys have not detected active MERS-CoV infection in the dromedary populations of Bangladesh or Israel (22, 35).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) seroprevalence and viral RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: implications for animal vaccination

Dighe

Jombart

Kerkhove

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4 for a map of RNA prevalence, and Table 1). Despite moderate seropositivity, surveys have not detected active MERS-CoV infection in the dromedary populations of Bangladesh or Israel (David et al, 2018;Islam et al, 2018). RNA prevalence in dromedary populations linked to human cases was similar to more randomly sampled populations in the same country, with the exception of two small outbreak studies in the UAE which found 100% of epidemiologically linked dromedaries to be infected (Al Hammadi et al, 2015;Paden et al, 2018).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Active Mers-cov Infection -Cross-sectional Stumentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Several studies found imported animals to have significantly higher seroprevalence than their locally bred counterparts (Gutierrez et al, 2015;Ali et al, 2017a, b;Islam et al, 2018). Dromedaries sampled at markets, abattoirs and quarantine sites had higher seroprevalence than those in farms, villages and research facilities (Ali et al, 2017a, b;van Doremalen et al, 2017;Islam et al, 2018). In some cases, dromedary origin varied with the type of site sampled suggesting confounding.…”

Section: Sample Population Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of MERS-CoV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: Implications for animal vaccination

et al. 2019

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Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is driven by recurring dromedary-to-human spill-over events, leading decision-makers to consider dromedary vaccination. Dromedary vaccine candidates in the development pipeline are showing hopeful results, but gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology of MERS-CoV in dromedaries must be addressed to design and evaluate potential vaccination strategies. We aim to bring together existing measures of MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels to assess the distribution of infection, highlighting knowledge gaps and implications for animal vaccination. We systematically reviewed the published literature on MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science that reported seroprevalence and/or prevalence of active MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels from both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. 60 studies met our eligibility criteria. Qualitative syntheses determined that MERS-CoV seroprevalence increased with age up to 80-100% in adult dromedaries supporting geographically widespread endemicity of MERS-CoV in dromedaries in both the Arabian Peninsula and countries exporting dromedaries from Africa. The high prevalence of active infection measured in juveniles and at sites where dromedary populations mix should guide further investigation -particularly of dromedary movement -and inform vaccination strategy design and evaluation through mathematical modelling.

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“…Dromedary camels, bats, and other animals are potentially involved in MERS-CoV transmission [1,12,35,42,60]. Antibodies against MERS-CoV in domestic livestock (including dromedary camels) in the Middle-East and Africa were investigated using ppNT, MN, and IFA assays [7,27,29,[34][35][36]48,53,60,70]. MERS-CoV IgG seropositivity gradually increased in dromedary calves from the Middle East with increasing age based on the S1-ELISA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel luciferase immunosorbent assay performs better than a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect MERS-CoV specific IgG in humans and animals

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Deng³

et al. 2019

Biosafety and Health

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The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a lethal zoonosis caused by MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and poses a significant threat to public health worldwide. Therefore, a rapid, sensitive, and specific serologic test for detecting anti-MERS-CoV antibodies in both humans and animals is urgently needed for the successful management of this illness. Here, we evaluated various novel luciferase immunosorbent assays (LISA) based on nucleocapsid protein (NP) as well as fragments derived from spike protein (S) including subunit 1 (S1), N terminal domain (NTD), receptorbinding domain (RBD) and subunit 2 (S2) of S for the detection of MERS-CoV-specific IgG. Fusion proteins, including nanoluciferase (NLuc) and various fragments derived from the NP or S protein of MERS-CoV, were expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 T cells. LISAs that detected anti-MERS-CoV IgG were further developed using cell lysates expressing various fusion proteins. Panels of human or animal samples infected with MERS-CoV were used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of various LISAs in reference to a MERS-CoV RT-PCR, commercial S1-based ELISA, and pseudovirus particle neutralization test (ppNT). Our results showed that the S1-, RBD-, and NP-LISAs were more sensitive than the NTD-and S2-LISAs for the detection of anti-MERS-CoV IgG. Furthermore, the S1-, RBD-, and NP-LISAs were more sensitive (by at least 16-fold) than the commercially available S1-ELISA. Moreover, the S1-, RBD-, and NP-LISA specifically recognized anti-MERS-CoV IgG and did not cross-react with samples derived from other human CoV (OC43, 229E, HKU1, NL63)-infected patients. More importantly, these LISAs proved their applicability and reliability for detecting anti-MERS-CoV IgG in samples from camels, monkeys, and mice, among which the RBD-LISA exhibited excellent performance. The results of this study suggest that the novel MERS-CoV RBD-and S1-LISAs are highly effective platforms for the rapid and sensitive detection of anti-MERS-CoV IgG in human and animal samples. These assays have the potential to be used as serologic tests for the management and control of MERS-CoV infection.

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Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Antibodies in Dromedary Camels, Bangladesh, 2015

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

A systematic review of MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) seroprevalence and viral RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: implications for animal vaccination

A systematic review of MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) seroprevalence and viral RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: implications for animal vaccination

A systematic review of MERS-CoV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence in dromedary camels: Implications for animal vaccination

A novel luciferase immunosorbent assay performs better than a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect MERS-CoV specific IgG in humans and animals

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