Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): A cluster analysis with implications for global management of suspected cases

Memish, Ziad A.; Al‐Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Alhakeem, Rafat F.; Assiri, Abdullah M.; Alharby, Khalid D.; Almahallawi, Maher S.; Alkhallawi, Mohammed

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2015.06.012

Cited by 35 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Since that time outbreaks of MERS have continued to occur in both the Middle East as well as in South Korea and China. MERS has a reported mortality rate of approximately 40% 4–6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of an Automated Multiple Emitter Whole-Room Ultraviolet-C Disinfection System Against Coronaviruses MHV and MERS-CoV

Bedell

Buchaklian²,

Perlman

2016

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

128

122

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The virus responsible for Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, MERS-CoV is a lineage C betacoronavirus similar to the mouse hepatitis virus type A59 (MHV-A59). The first reported case of MERS occurred in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and resulted in 76 deaths1. Outbreaks of MERS have since occurred not only in the Middle East but South Korea as well2. Rapid, efficient, and automated methods of disinfecting surfaces contaminated with the MERS-CoV virus may prevent the spread of the virus in the healthcare setting. Here we report on the use of an automated triple-emitter whole room disinfection system to inactivate the MHV-A59 and the MERS-CoV viruses on surfaces with a greater than 5 log10 reduction on MERS in 5 minutes of UV-C exposure.

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“…Since that time outbreaks of MERS have continued to occur in both the Middle East as well as in South Korea and China. MERS has a reported mortality rate of approximately 40% 4–6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of an Automated Multiple Emitter Whole-Room Ultraviolet-C Disinfection System Against Coronaviruses MHV and MERS-CoV

Bedell

Buchaklian²,

Perlman

2016

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

128

122

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“…29,30 However, higher case fatality rate was attributed to the inclusion of symptomatic and critical ill patients, 30 and the identification of more asymptomatic cases resulted in reduction in the case fatality rate from 64%-30%. 6,20,31,32 HCWs with MERS-CoV had a lower fatality rate of 7%. 33 Of those with known camel exposure in the study, 64% had camel exposure mainly as camel milk ingestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…9 The spectrum of MERS-CoV infection ranges from mild to severe and fulminant infections with severe acute respiratory disease. 5,6 In addition, a large proportion of asymptomatic cases were reported specifically in children. 2 There have been multiple studies of the epidemiology and clinical disease; however, there are no recent data on the epidemiology of MERS-CoV in the last few years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the last two years: Health care workers still at risk

Al‐Tawfiq

Memish

2019

American Journal of Infection Control

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Background: An important emerging respiratory virus is the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV had been associated with a high case fatality rate especially among severe cases. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of reported MERS-CoV cases between December 2016 and January 2019, as retrieved from the World Health Organization. The aim of this study is to examine the epidemiology of reported cases and quantify the percentage of health care workers (HCWs) among reported cases. Results: There were 403 reported cases with a majority being men (n = 300; 74.4%). These cases were reported from Lebanon, Malaysia, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. HCWs represented 26% and comorbidities were reported among 71% of non-HCWs and 1.9% among HCWs (P < .0001). Camel exposure and camel milk ingestion were reported in 64% each, and the majority (97.8%) of those with camel exposures had camel milk ingestion. There were 58% primary cases and 42% were secondary cases. The case fatality rate was 16% among HCWs compared with 34% among other patients (P = .001). The mean age § SD was 47.65 § 16.28 for HCWs versus 54.23 § 17.34 for non-HCWs (P = .001). Conclusions: MERS-CoV infection continues to have a high case fatality rate and a large proportion of patients were HCWs. Further understanding of the disease transmission and prevention mainly in health care settings are needed.

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“…The first outbreak in Saudi Arabia occurred in Al-Hasa [4], followed by a significant epidemic in Jeddah in 2014 [14,16]. Other outbreaks in 2014 were in King Faisal Specialist Hospital [17], King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh [18] and Al-Madinah Al-Mounawarh [21]. No specific factors contributing to an outbreak at Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh were listed [18e20].…”

Section: Timeline Of Healthcare-associated Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 24 th August to 3 rd September 2014, 18 cases were linked to one cluster involving 11 healthcare-associated infections [21]. The outbreak was thought to be secondary to under-recognition and poor infection control measures [21].…”

Section: Al-madinah Al-munawarrah Outbreak 24 Th August To 3 Rd Septmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare-associated infections: the hallmark of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus with review of the literature

Al‐Tawfiq

Auwaerter

2019

Journal of Hospital Infection

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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is capable of causing acute respiratory illness. Laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases may be asymptomatic, have mild disease, or have a life-threatening infection with a high case fatality rate. There are three patterns of transmission: sporadic community cases from presumed non-human exposure, family clusters arising from contact with an infected family index case, and healthcare-acquired infections among patients and from patients to healthcare workers. Healthcare-acquired MERS infection has become a well-known characteristic of the disease and a leading means of spread. The main factors contributing to healthcare-associated outbreaks include delayed recognition, inadequate infection control measures, inadequate triaging and isolation of suspected MERS or other respiratory illness patients, crowding, and patients remaining in the emergency department for many days. A review of the literature suggests that effective control of hospital outbreaks was accomplished in most instances by the application of proper infection control procedures. Prompt recognition, isolation and management of suspected cases are key factors for prevention of the spread of MERS. Repeated assessments of infection control and monitoring of corrective measures contribute to changing the course of an outbreak. Limiting the number of contacts and hospital visits are also important factors to decrease the spread of infection.

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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): A cluster analysis with implications for global management of suspected cases

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Efficacy of an Automated Multiple Emitter Whole-Room Ultraviolet-C Disinfection System Against Coronaviruses MHV and MERS-CoV

Efficacy of an Automated Multiple Emitter Whole-Room Ultraviolet-C Disinfection System Against Coronaviruses MHV and MERS-CoV

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the last two years: Health care workers still at risk

Healthcare-associated infections: the hallmark of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus with review of the literature

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