Middle Eastern Political Instability and Jordan’s Tourism

The effect of promotional mix on hotel performance during the political crisis in the Middle East

“…This compensates the shortage in the international tourism, and this was affirmed by (Smeral, 2009) who points out that, during political crises, consumers go to the local or nearby markets. The study of Al-shorman et al , 2016 points out that such circumstances must be exploited for the interest of local tourism. H2 shows the effect of the independent factor, which is the advertisement, on the hotel performance.…”

“…Political instability is the situation in which the country or the region is challenged by illegal elements coming from outside the country (Seraphin, 2017). Political instability poses threats for hospitality industry, and the performance of the operations will be affected reversely by the shortage of tourists’ arrivals and the competition of attractive stable destinations, whereas, political stability enhances the progress and the flourish of tourism (Al-Shorman et al , 2016). In such situations, where the political instability affects hotel performance, hospitality organizations should be able to innovate, focus on their strength points, convey the right messages and use the right promotion tools (Turkoz and Akyol, 2008).…”

Economic policy uncertainty and hotel occupancy: the mediating effect of consumer sentiment

“…Political instability, defined as the potential for a sudden significant change in a country's leadership, policies, or overall condition (Central Intelligence Agency, 2006), was also found to have a significant negative impact on hotel performance (Al-Shorman et al , 2016). This negative effect is due to tourists' tendency to choose stable travel destinations over unstable ones (Al-Shorman et al , 2016). For example, Costa Rica has been welcoming an increasing number of tourists because of its political stability (Rivera and De Leon, 2005).…”

Critical shifts in the global tourism industry: perspectives from Africa

“…In addressing these research questions, this study advances the understanding of the long term consequences of the global shifts on Africa's travel and tourism landscape. This study also adds to the debate focusing on travel motivations, trophy hunting (Baker 2010) crises (Steiner 2017;Al-Shorman et al 2016), and mitigation strategies from a context-specific emerging tourist destination. The results of the survey can meaningfully inform the formulation of marketing messages aimed at repositioning Africa, thus making it even a more appealing tourist destination in spite of headwinds in the marketplace.…”

“…On the international scale, there has been a sustained research on issues influencing the unpredictable dynamics of the international tourism ecosystem that hogged the global limelight, ranging from the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the US, Tsunami; SARs epidemic in Asia (Gaetano 2009 ; Schuurman 2019 ; Qui et al 2018 ; Zeng et al 2005 ; Bongkosh 2006 ; Tang et al 2020 ); Asian financial crisis, the current Covid-2019 virus, Ebola outbreak in western Africa (Song and Lin 2010 ; Wang 2009 ; Gossling et al 2020 ; Al-Tawfiqef et al 2014 ; Maphanga and Henama 2019 ; Kongoley 2015 ); political conflicts in the Middle east; Icelandic ashes, the disappearance of Malaysian airplane (Al-Shorman et al 2016 ; Steiner 2017 ; Benediktsson et al 2011 ; Heimisdottir et al 2019 ; Weng 2014 ; Fan et al 2019 ); CITES’s trophy hunting ban, as well as climate change induced extreme weather patterns like hurricanes, cyclones and heat waves (Prideaux et al 2009 ; Njerekai and Mabika 2016 ; Baker 2010 ; Pandy 2017 ; Moore 2010 ). Whilst acknowledging the diverse and richness of the current international tourism body of literature, the current study argues that very little attempts have been made to explore the policy and product development implications of the constructs of BRICS, terrorism, ageing population and trophy hunting in the context of Africa.…”