“…The standard calcareous nannofossil zonations of Martini (1971) and Okada and Bukry (1980) are widely used for low-and middle-latitude Eocene-Oligocene (E-O) biostratigraphic studies, and were used in this paper. To infer probable temperature and trophic variations of surface waters, most calcareous nannofossils were, when possible, allocated into groups of environmental affinities, largely following Haq and Lohmann (1976), Aubry (1992), Gardin and Monechi (1998), Bralower (2002a,b), Tremolada and Bralower (2004), Persico and Villa (2004), Gibbs et al (2006), Villa et al (2008), Raffi et al (2009) and Agnini et al (2011). Based on this literature, the following environmental groups were used: eutrophic taxa (Dictyococcites bisectus, Dictyococcites scrippsae, Reticulofenestra daviesii), and oligotrophic taxa (Cribrocentrum reticulatum, Ericsonia spp., Sphenolithus spp., Zygrhablithus bijugatus) (Appendix B).…”