“…Most patients enrolled in the studies were randomized for MMAE as adjunct to surgical treatment (burr hole in all studies, also craniotomy in EMBOLISE). In STEM, the positive effect of MMAE was primarily driven by non-surgical patients (19.1% vs 59.2%; P = 0.001), while the MMAE effect in patients with additional surgery was not statistically superior to surgery alone (12.3% vs 25.4%, P = 0.058) [ 6 ].…”