Middle-Term Dietary Supplementation with Red Yeast Rice Plus Coenzyme Q10 Improves Lipid Pattern, Endothelial Reactivity and Arterial Stiffness in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Subjects

Cicero, Arrigo F G; Morbini, Martino; Rosticci, Martina; D’Addato, Sergio; Borghi, Claudio; Borghi, Claudio

doi:10.1159/000445359

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The components of the fermented red rice contributed to the cholesterol lowering effect and improved endothelial reactivity [20]. Quite remarkably, the ratio of total over HDL cholesterol was clearly reduced since HDL-cholesterol was increased, together with the rather strong decrease of LDL cholesterol, confirming the results of recent controlled trials [21,22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

A Comprehensive Nutriceutical Approach to Metabolic and Vascular Health

Comhaire¹

2016

JED

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A composite nutriceutical containing extracts of Momordica charantia, pine bark extract, hematococcus pluvialis, red yeast rice, the antioxidants alpha-lipoic acid and oxidoreductase ubiquinone Q10, vitamins B9 and B12, and selenomethionine was given to 23 patients suffering from hyperinsulinemia and/or hyperlipemia as part of an open-label prospective cohort trial.Treatment induced significant and persistent reduction of serum concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, glycated haemoglobin A1c, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, total and LDL cholesterol during 12 months of intake. Two patients interrupted treatment because of gastro-intestinal side effects. Vital parameters, renal function tests and triglycerids remained unchanged.It is concluded that this composite nutriceutical improves biological markers and may reduce the risk of vascular pathology and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This premise needs to be confirmed by controlled clinical trials.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

A Comprehensive Nutriceutical Approach to Metabolic and Vascular Health

Comhaire¹

2016

JED

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“…Immediately after centrifugation, the samples were frozen and stored at −80 °C for no more than 3 months. The following parameters were evaluated via standardized methods [ 19 , 20 ]: total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), apolipoprotein B100 (apoB), glucose, creatinine, serum uric acid, liver transaminases, gamma-Glutamyl Transferase, and Creatinin-Phosfo-Kinase (CPK). All measurements were performed by trained personnel in the Lipid Clinic laboratory of the Medicine and Surgery Sciences Department, by the S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a short-term dietary supplementation with phytosterols, red yeast rice or both on lipid pattern in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects: a three-arm, double-blind, randomized clinical trial

et al. 2017

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BackgroundPhytosterols and red yeast rice are largely studied cholesterol-lowering nutraceuticals, respectively inhibiting the bowel absorption and liver synthesis of cholesterol. Our aim was to test the effect on lipid profile of phytosterols, red yeast rice and their association.MethodsWe performed a three parallel arms, double blind, clinical trial randomizing 90 moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects to treatment with phytosterols 800 mg (group 1), red yeast rice standardized to contain 5 mg monacolins from Monascus purpureus (group 2), or both combined nutraceuticals (group 3).ResultsAfter 8 weeks of treatment, in group 1 no significant variation of lipid parameters has been detected. In group 2 a significant reduction (p < 0.001) of LDL-Cholesterol (−20.5% vs. baseline) and Apolipoprotein B (−14.4% vs. baseline) as it occurred in group 3 (LDL-Cholesterol vs. baseline: −27.0%, Apolipoprotein B vs. baseline: -19.0%) (P < 0.001). LDL-Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B changes were significantly different comparing group 2 with group 1 (P < 0.05), and group 3 with group 1 (P < 0.05). LDL-Cholesterol change was also significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2 (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe association of phytosterol and red yeast rice seems to have additive cholesterol lowering effect, reaching a clinically significant LDL-Cholesterol reduction in mildly hypercholesterolemic patients.Trial registrationClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT02603276, Registered 27/08/2015.

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“…The same combination was then evaluated in 40 moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects with a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. After 6 months of active treatment, the results showed a more favourable percentage change in LDL-C (–26.3%; p < 0.05), endothelial reactivity (PV displacement: +6.0%; p < 0.05) and arterial stiffness (PWV: –4.7%; p < 0.05) [ 260 ]. Red yeast rice (10 mg monacolins) has also been associated with a pool of antioxidants (green tea dry extract, 100 mg; CoQ10, 20 mg; astaxanthin, 2 mg; resveratrol, 20 mg; and quercetin, 50 mg) and has been tested in a crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial on 25 moderately hypercholesterolemic, pharmacologically untreated subjects, as primary prevention for CVD.…”

Section: Nutraceutical Combinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid lowering nutraceuticals in clinical practice: position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel

Cicero¹,

Colletti²,

Bajraktari³

et al. 2017

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, reaching 31% of deaths in 2012 [1]. In particular, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are the main causes of premature death in Europe and are responsible for 42% of deaths in women and 38% in men under 75 years old [2]. The global economic impact of CVD is estimated to have been US $906 billion in 2015 and is expected to rise by 22% by 2030 [3]. Cardiovascular diseases also represent the major cause of disability in developed countries. It has been estimated that their growing burden could lead to a global increase in loss of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), from a loss of 85 million DALYs in 1990 to a loss of ~150 million DALYs in 2020, becoming a major non-psychological cause of lost productivity [4]. Several risk factors contribute to the etiology and development of CVD; they are divided into those modifiable through lifestyle changes or by taking a pharmacologic treatment (e.g. for hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia) and those that are not modifiable (age, male gender, and family history) [5]. Elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) blood concentrations are the major modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), whereas high concentrations of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in certain conditions are considered protective [6]. Moreover, LDL-C remains a fundamental CV risk factor (and a main target of therapy) even when statins are largely used in the general population [7]. An examination of the data of 18 053 participants aged ≥ 20 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 1999 to 2006 showed that the unadjusted prevalence of hypercholesterolemia ranged from 53.2% to 56.1% in United States adults [8]. Differences related to gender and race or ethnicity were observed; in particular, a lower rate of control was found among women than men and lower rates of having a cholesterol check and being told about hypercholesterolemia were reported by African Americans and Mexican Americans than whites [8]. A recent report from the American Heart Association confirmed that in the US only 75.7% of children and 46.6% of adults present targeted TC levels (TC < 170 mg/dl for children and < 200 mg/dl for adults, in untreated individuals) [9]. The pattern is similar in other Western countries [10, 11]

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Middle-Term Dietary Supplementation with Red Yeast Rice Plus Coenzyme Q10 Improves Lipid Pattern, Endothelial Reactivity and Arterial Stiffness in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Subjects

Cited by 41 publications

References 47 publications

A Comprehensive Nutriceutical Approach to Metabolic and Vascular Health

A Comprehensive Nutriceutical Approach to Metabolic and Vascular Health

Effect of a short-term dietary supplementation with phytosterols, red yeast rice or both on lipid pattern in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects: a three-arm, double-blind, randomized clinical trial

Lipid lowering nutraceuticals in clinical practice: position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel

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