Middle to Upper Ordovician graptolite biostratigraphy of Peel River and other areas of the northern Canadian Cordillera

Lenz, A. C.; Chen, Xu

doi:10.1139/e85-020

Cited by 19 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…They noted that, in several intervals in the Vinini Formation, substantial thicknesses of black shale interpreted to be deposited in a deep ocean basin and considered classic graptolite biofacies contained almost no graptolites. It should be noted that the open ocean as a desert model of Finney & Berry (1997) does not adequately explain the rich graptolite successions that occur in places that have been interpreted as representing open ocean environments such as the Southern Uplands of Scotland (Zalasiewicz et al 1995) and Peel River in the Canadian Cordillera (Lenz & Chen 1985). Depth stratification and lateral differentiation of faunas did occur, but only within the narrow outer shelf to proximal slope environment.…”

Section: Historical Development Of Graptolite Palaeoecological and Pamentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Graptolites from low-palaeolatitude regions such as Victoria (Australia), Scotland, South China and western Laurentia (including Trail Creek, Idaho; west Texas; and the Canadian Cordillera) consist primarily of species of Orthograptus, Rectograptus, Dicranograptus, Dicellograptus, Amplexograptus and Climacograptus, with a small radiation of archiretiolitids (Berry 1960;Carter & Churkin 1977;Lenz & Chen 1985;Vandenberg & Cooper 1992;Zalasiewicz et al 1995). Graptolites from low-palaeolatitude regions such as Victoria (Australia), Scotland, South China and western Laurentia (including Trail Creek, Idaho; west Texas; and the Canadian Cordillera) consist primarily of species of Orthograptus, Rectograptus, Dicranograptus, Dicellograptus, Amplexograptus and Climacograptus, with a small radiation of archiretiolitids (Berry 1960;Carter & Churkin 1977;Lenz & Chen 1985;Vandenberg & Cooper 1992;Zalasiewicz et al 1995).…”

Section: Katianmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chapter 26 Graptolite palaeobiogeography

Goldman

Maletz

Melchin

et al. 2013

Memoirs

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Graptolite faunas exhibited strong biogeographical differentiation during the Early Palaeozoic, particularly in the Ordovician. Skevington recognized two major faunal provinces, the high to mid palaeolatitude ‘Atlantic Province’ and the low-palaeolatitude ‘Pacific Province’. Subsequent workers have generally accepted this pattern of graptolite distribution, but the controls on this pattern have been the subject of considerable debate. Two competing models have emerged: a surface water temperature model and a depth stratification model. It is likely that the some of the physical and chemical oceanic factors that vary with latitude may also vary in a similar way along an onshore to offshore transect. Hence, it may be that both depth and surface temperature play an important role in biogeographical differentiation. Biogeography also played a critical role in the evolutionary history of graptoloids. Important examples include the origination of axonophorans in deep, offshore environments from isograptid and pseudisograptid ancestors and their subsequent migration into shallow water regions; the replacement of the Diplograptina by Neograptina in the low palaeolatitudes during the Late Ordovician extinction event; and the origination of expansograptids in the ‘Atlantic’ Province as shallow water endemics followed by their worldwide dispersal into the oceanic biofacies.

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Section: Historical Development Of Graptolite Palaeoecological and Pamentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Katianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 26 Graptolite palaeobiogeography

Goldman

Maletz

Melchin

et al. 2013

Memoirs

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“…The genus Azygograptus is common at certain horizons and is a defining feature of the Atlantic Faunal Province. In contrast, the genus does not appear in the Yukon until the Middle Ordovician (Lenz and Chen 1985).…”

Section: Northwest Englandmentioning

confidence: 95%

The sequence and correlation of Early Ordovician (Arenig) graptolite faunas in the Richardson Trough and Misty Creek Embayment, Yukon Territory and District of Mackenzie, Canada

Jackson¹,

Lenz²

2006

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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Four graptolite biozones are recorded from the Arenig portion of the Road River Group in the Richardson and Mackenzie mountains in the Yukon and Northwest Territories. In ascending order, these zones are Tetragraptus approximatus, Pendeograptus fruticosus, Didymograptus bifidus, and Parisograptus caduceus australis (new). The Castlemainian stage may be represented by nongraptolitic massive bedded chert. The Arenig-Llanvirn boundary is drawn below the first occurrence of Undulograptus austrodentatus. Fifty-four graptolite taxa are present, and 16 of these species and subspecies are recorded for the first time in this deep-water biotope, Résumé : Quatre biozones de graptolites sont enregistrées dans la portion arénigienne du Groupe de Road River et des monts Mackenzie au Yukon et dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest. En ordre ascendant, ces zones sont : Tetragraptus approximatus, Pendeograptus fruticosus, Didymograptus bifidus et Parisograptus caduceus australis (nouvelle zone). L'étage du Castlemainien peut être représenté par un chert massif lité ne comportant pas de graptolites. La limite Arénigien-Llanvirn est placée sous la première occurrence de Undulograptus austrodentatus. Cinquante-quatre taxons de graptolites sont présents et seize de ces espèces et sous-espèces sont relevés pour la première fois dans ce biotope d'eau profonde,

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“…Horizon and locality.-Ledbetter Slate, collections 65WCn 102 and B-462, C. spiniferus Zone. 0. quadrimucronatus has been reported from the quadrimucronatus Zone in the northern Canadian Cordillera (Lenz and Chen, 1985) and in the northeastern U.S.S.R. (Koren' and others, 1983); from the C. tubuliferus Zone and passage beds at Trail Creek, Idaho ; from the quadrimucronatus Zone in Texas (Berry, 1960); from the Eastonian of Victoria, Australia (Harris and Thomas, 1955;VandenBerg and Stewart, 1983); from eastern Canada Ordovician-Silurian Graptolites from the Ledbetter Slate 821 (Hall, 1865); from New York State (Ruedemann, 1947); from the zones of 0. amplexicaulis and C. tubuliferus in Arkansas and Oklahoma (Finney, 1986); and from the Zones of Dicranograptus clingani and P. linearis (Hartfell Shales) in Scotland (Elles and Wood, 1901-18;Toghill, 1970;Williams, 1982). Discussion.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Several Ledbetter collections (B-456, D511-CO, D543-CO, and 65WCn 92) represent this zone. Graptolite faunas from the C. bicornis Subzone have been found in Alaska (Terra Cotta Mountains, Prince of Wales Island area), Idaho , the northern Canadian Cordillera (Lenz and Chen, 1985), and Texas (Berry, 1960). Taken together, the N. gracilis Subzone and the C. bicornis Subzone are roughly equivalent to the N. gracilis Zone of Finney and Bergstrom (1986).…”

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confidence: 99%

Shorter contributions to paleontology and stratigraphy, 1989

1989

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INTRODUCTIONThe Metaline district of northeastern Washington State ( fig. 1) has yielded some 17 million tons of zinc-lead ore since mining began there in the early 1900's. Most of this ore has come from an irregularly stratiform zone of breccia (the Josephine unit of McConnel and Anderson (1968)) just below the contact between the Metaline Limestone and the overlying Ledbetter Slate. The nature of this contact has been the subject of some dispute. Where the contact is unfaulted, it has been interpreted as being conformable and gradational (Snook and others, 1981, p. 5), possibly disconformable (Park and Cannon, 1943, p. 20; Dings and Whitebread, 1965, p. 21), and even the result of prolonged subaerial exposure (Mills, 1977). In an effort to resolve the question, J .A. Morton of the GRC Exploration Co. has carefully examined the contact in the underground workings of the Pend Oreille Mine ( fig. 1) and, in the process, has collected large numbers of well-preserved graptolites, which are the subject of this paper.Manuscript approved for publication May 16, 1988. AcknowledgmentsThe author is grateful to Jack A. Morton for providing the graptolite specimens and for a guided tour of his collecting sites in the Pend Oreille Mine. Many thanks to J. Thomas Dutro, Jr., of the U.S. Geological Survey and Roger A. Cooper of the New Zealand Geological Survey for their comments and advice on the manuscript. Thanks also to J. Eric Schuster and Nancy L. Joseph of the Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources. GENERAl GEOlOGYThe Metaline Limestone consists of about 5,000 ft of thin-bedded limestone and shale, light-gray bedded dolomite, and gray massive limestone . The overlying Ledbetter Slate, predominantly black argillite and slate interbedded with minor amounts of limy argillite and limestone , is estimated to be between 2,000 and 4,500 ft thick. Both formations extend over much of Pend Oreille and Stevens Counties, Washington, and adjacent southeastern British Columbia. An undisturbed (unfaulted) contact between these formations is exposed in only a few places, one of which is in the Pend Oreille Mine near Metaline Falls, Wash.During his study of the Ledbetter-Metaline contact, Morton collected graptolites from a shale unit in the Metaline Limestone as well as from a short interval of the Ledbetter Slate just above the contact. The fact that all of these graptolites are characteristic of the Middle Ordovician Zone of Paraglossograptus tentaculatus gives credence to Morton's interpretation of the contact as a depositional transition (J .A. Morton, written communication, 1986). Clearly, the age of this contact is not everywhere the same, because graptolites older than those of the P. tentaculatus Zone have been found in the Ledbetter Slate at other localities in the area. THE GRAPTOLITE FAUNAGraptolites have been known from the Ledbetter Slate in the Metaline Falls area since the early 1940's, when Park and Cannon (1943, p. 20-22) published Josiah Bridge's report on faunas ranging in age from "lower Deepkill" thro...

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Middle to Upper Ordovician graptolite biostratigraphy of Peel River and other areas of the northern Canadian Cordillera

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Chapter 26 Graptolite palaeobiogeography

Chapter 26 Graptolite palaeobiogeography

The sequence and correlation of Early Ordovician (Arenig) graptolite faunas in the Richardson Trough and Misty Creek Embayment, Yukon Territory and District of Mackenzie, Canada

Shorter contributions to paleontology and stratigraphy, 1989

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