Midlatitude Sporadic E. A Typical Paradigm of Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling

Haldoupis, C.

doi:10.1007/s11214-011-9786-8

Cited by 160 publications

(190 citation statements)

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“…Fundamental to its existence are tidally induced, zonal wind shears that compress metallic ions into a relatively thin region via a combination of ion-neutral collision-generated currents and E × B force. (For a much more thorough review of the processes involved, see Haldoupis, 2012). Consequently, the deposition of heavy ions within the E region by ablating meteors may play a key role in E s formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-platform investigation of midlatitude sporadic E and its ties to E–F coupling and meteor activity

Helmboldt

2016

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. This paper describes the results of a multiplatform observing campaign aimed at studying midlatitude sporadic E (E s ) and associated ionospheric phenomena. The assets used were the digisonde in Boulder, Colorado; the first station of the Long Wavelength Array, LWA1, in New Mexico; the transmitters of the radio station WWV in Colorado; and 61 continuously operating GPS receivers between LWA1 and WWV. The results show that southwestward-directed medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) were substantially more prevalent when E s was detected. The amplitudes of these correlate with a plasma frequency up to about 4.5 MHz. For f p 5 MHz, the MSTIDs become significantly weaker and basically vanish above ∼ 6.5 MHz. The prevalence of meteor trail reflections observed with LWA1 also correlates with f p up to about 4.5 MHz; above this limit, the relationship exhibits a significant turnover. The observed intensity of coherent backscatter from E s field-aligned irregularities (FAIs) also correlates with inferred plasma frequency. However, this trend continues to higher frequencies with a peak near 6 MHz, followed by a much more subtle turnover. The reflected power from E s structures observed with LWA1 is significantly more correlated on spatial scales between 10 and 40 km. The magnitude of this correlation increases with f p up to ∼ 6 MHz, above which it drops. These results are consistent with the following: (1) southwestwarddirected MSTIDs are produced via E-F coupling; (2) this coupling is stronger when the E s layer, seeded by meteor ablation, is more dense; (3) the coupling is substantially diminished for E s layers harboring extremely dense structures (f p 5 MHz).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-platform investigation of midlatitude sporadic E and its ties to E–F coupling and meteor activity

Helmboldt

2016

Ann. Geophys.

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“…Es layers can seriously affect the HF and low-VHF communications, causing over the horizon propagation for signals otherwise restricted to line-ofsight (Rice et al 2011). In the past years, the characteristics of mid-latitude Es layers have been extensively studied by many authors (see reviews by Whitehead 1970Whitehead , 1989Mathews 1998;Haldoupis 2011Haldoupis , 2012. The most accredited theory in explaining the formation of the Es layers is the vertical wind-shear theory, conceived in the 1960s studies mostly associated with the atmospheric gravity waves (Whitehead 1961;Axford 1963;Chimonas & Axford 1968).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the influence of solar activity on the mid-latitude sporadic E layer

Pezzopane

Pignalberi

Pietrella

2015

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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To investigate the influence of solar cycle variability on the sporadic E layer (Es), hourly measurements of the critical frequency of the Es ordinary mode of propagation, foEs, and of the blanketing frequency of the Es layer, fbEs, recorded from January 1976 to December 2009 at the Rome (Italy) ionospheric station (41.8°N, 12.5°E), were examined. The results are: (1) a high positive correlation between the F10.7 solar index and foEs as well as between F10.7 and fbEs, both for the whole data set and for each solar cycle separately, the correlation between F10.7 and fbEs being much higher than the one between F10.7 and foEs; (2) a decreasing long-term trend of the F10.7, foEs and fbEs time series, with foEs decreasing more rapidly than F10.7 and fbEs; (3) clear and statistically significant peaks at 11 years in the foEs and fbEs time series, inferred from Lomb-Scargle periodograms.

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“…(31) is taken equal to T n in the binary reaction rate coefficients is sometimes observed in the E-region both during daytime and at night (e.g., Kirkwood and Nilsson 2000;Haldoupis 2012; and references therein).…”

Section: See Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemistry of Ions at D-region Altitudes of the Ionosphere: A Review

Павлов

2013

Surv Geophys

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Midlatitude Sporadic E. A Typical Paradigm of Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling

Cited by 160 publications

References 41 publications

A multi-platform investigation of midlatitude sporadic <i>E</i> and its ties to <i>E</i>–<i>F</i> coupling and meteor activity

A multi-platform investigation of midlatitude sporadic <i>E</i> and its ties to <i>E</i>–<i>F</i> coupling and meteor activity

On the influence of solar activity on the mid-latitude sporadic E layer

Photochemistry of Ions at D-region Altitudes of the Ionosphere: A Review

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Midlatitude Sporadic E. A Typical Paradigm of Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling

Cited by 160 publications

References 41 publications

A multi-platform investigation of midlatitude sporadic &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt; and its ties to &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;–&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; coupling and meteor activity

A multi-platform investigation of midlatitude sporadic &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt; and its ties to &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;–&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; coupling and meteor activity

On the influence of solar activity on the mid-latitude sporadic E layer

Photochemistry of Ions at D-region Altitudes of the Ionosphere: A Review

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A multi-platform investigation of midlatitude sporadic <i>E</i> and its ties to <i>E</i>–<i>F</i> coupling and meteor activity

A multi-platform investigation of midlatitude sporadic <i>E</i> and its ties to <i>E</i>–<i>F</i> coupling and meteor activity