MIDRC CRP10 AI interface—an integrated tool for exploring, testing and visualization of AI models

Abstract

Objective: Developing Machine Learning models for clinical applications from scratch can be a cumbersome task requiring varying levels of expertise. Seasoned developers and researchers may also often face incompatible frameworks and data preparation issues. This is further complicated in the context of diagnostic radiology and oncology applications, given the heterogenous nature of the input data and the specialized task requirements. Our goal is to provide clinicians, researchers, and early AI developers with a modular, flexible, and user-friendly software tool that can effectively meet their needs to explore, train, and test AI algorithms by allowing users to interpret their model results. This latter step involves the incorporation of interpretability and explainability methods that would allow visualizing performance as well as interpreting predictions across the different neural network layers of a deep learning algorithm. Approach: To demonstrate our proposed tool, we have developed the CRP10 AI Application Interface (CRP10AII) as part of the MIDRC consortium. CRP10AII is based on the web service Django framework in Python. CRP10AII/Django/Python in combination with another data manager tool/platform, data commons such as Gen3 can provide a comprehensive while easy to use machine/deep learning analytics tool. The tool allows to test, visualize, interpret how and why the deep learning model is performing. The major highlight of CRP10AII is its capability of visualization and interpretability of otherwise Blackbox AI algorithms. Results: CRP10AII provides many convenient features for model building and evaluation, including: (1) Query and acquire data according to the specific application (e.g., classification, segmentation) from the data common platform (Gen3 here); (2) train the AI models from scratch or use pre-trained models (e.g., VGGNet, AlexNet, BERT) for transfer learning and test the model predictions, performance assessment, receiver operating characteristics curve evaluation; (3) Interpret the AI model predictions using methods like SHAPLEY, LIME values; and (4) Visualize the model learning through heatmaps and activation maps of individual layers of the neural network. Significance: Unexperienced users may have more time to swiftly pre-process, build/train their AI models on their own use-cases, and further visualize and explore these AI models as part of this pipeline, all in an end-to-end manner. CRP10AII will be provided as an open-source tool, and we expect to continue developing it based on users’ feedback.

Global research trends and hotspots of artificial intelligence research in spinal cord neural injury and restoration—a bibliometrics and visualization analysis

“…From the above keyword analysis, it can be seen that with time, intelligent robots with deep learning will gradually replace ordinary machine exoskeletons as the emerging hotspot in this field. The authors believe that researchers should vigorously develop various artificial intelligence models, such as feed-forward topological neural networks and supervised learning ( 8 , 28 ), to improve the safety, tolerance, and walking functional efficacy of robotic exoskeletons to satisfy the needs of clinical patients for more efficient and high-quality treatments. Brain-computer interfaces: a cluster analysis of literature co-citations and co-citations over the last 5 years shows that brain-computer interfaces with deep learning algorithms are one of the continuing hotspots in this field.…”