Midstream on a chip: ensuring safe carbon dioxide transportation for carbon capture and storage

Abstract

Emerging technologies like enhanced oil recovery and carbon sequestration rely on carbon dioxide water content data to ensure that pipelines remain sub-saturated to avoid corrosion and hydrate flow assurance issues....

T–x diagrams for the CO2–H2O system: The importance of water content in CO2 transportation for carbon capture and storage

“…Among experimental water content literature, there are several data points within the range of 6.00-6.90 MPa where the shape of Figure 8 applies. 11,13,16,17,[19][20][21][22] These water content studies were compared to model predictions at 6.24 MPa in Figure 12. In this figure, the CO 2 mole fraction range has been restricted to 0.996-1, where these water content data points lie, and thus Figure 12 expands a small area of the rightmost side of The lack of curvature in the diagrams preceding Figure 12 must be kept in mind when analyzing them.…”

“…Thus, it is important that some form of phase measurement is performed alongside the compositional measurement, such as x-ray computed tomography 12 or Raman spectroscopy. 11 Determining that metastable phases are absent ensures that CO 2 drying specifications are accurate.…”

“…5 The water content in CO 2 at different conditions defines the drying requirement, and it has been experimentally measured by several groups. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Despite the number of studies in the literature, research into the water content in CO 2 is still ongoing, as there are discrepancies between different data sets. This is especially true at high pressure and low-temperature conditions, where hydrate is the stable water phase and CO 2 is present as a liquid.…”

“…The degree of drying that is required depends on both the temperature and pressure of the pipeline 5 . The water content in CO 2 at different conditions defines the drying requirement, and it has been experimentally measured by several groups 11–22 . Despite the number of studies in the literature, research into the water content in CO 2 is still ongoing, as there are discrepancies between different data sets.…”

Applications of Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SS-NMR) for Characterization of Gas Hydrates: A Mini-review

“…There are various techniques that can be applied to obtain this information. The hydrate phase gas composition can be obtained from laboratory analytical methods such as gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GCMS) . On the other hand, the study of cage occupancies requires molecular-level techniques.…”