Migraine

Kruit, Mark C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9029-6_24

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2023

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“…Demyelinating white-matter lesions (T2-weighted hyperintensities) are often associated with hypointensities in T1-weighted images. 40 Sample lesions of axial brain MRI findings in migraine headache and chronic ischemic disease are shown in Fig. 2 .…”

Section: Ms Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Updates on the Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Sclerosis for the General Neurologist

et al. 2023

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-driven disease that affects the central nervous system and is characterized by acute-on-chronic demyelination attacks. It is a major cause of global neurological disability, and its prevalence has increased in the United States. Conceptual understandings of MS have evolved over time, including the identification of B cells as key factors in its pathophysiology. The foundation of MS management involves preventing flares so as to avoid long-term functional decline. Treatments may be categorized into low-, middle-, and high-efficacy medications based on their efficacy in relapse prevention. With 24 FDA-approved treatments for MS, individual therapy is chosen based on distinct mechanisms and potential side effects. This review provides a detailed update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment advances, and major ongoing research investigations in MS.

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Section: Ms Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%