Migraine: A Review on Its History, Global Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Comorbidities

Abstract

Migraine affects more than one billion individuals each year across the world, and is one of the most common neurologic disorders, with a high prevalence and morbidity, especially among young adults and females. Migraine is associated with a wide range of comorbidities, which range from stress and sleep disturbances to suicide. The complex and largely unclear mechanisms of migraine development have resulted in the proposal of various social and biological risk factors, such as hormonal imbalances, genetic and epigenetic influences, as well as cardiovascular, neurological, and autoimmune diseases. This review presents a comprehensive review of the most up-to-date literature on the epidemiology, and risk factors, as well as highlighting the gaps in our knowledge.

Altered cerebral blood flow patterns in ankylosing spondylitis: A three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling study

“…Investigators have identified some brain alterations in DMN regions in migraine ( Liu et al, 2015 ), fibromyalgia ( Pujol et al, 2014 ), and knee osteoarthritis ( Pujol et al, 2017 ). The decreased CBF values of the precuneus exhibited in our study may suggest the impairment of DMN which is common in chronic pain-related diseases and is consistent with the previous study ( Amiri et al, 2021 ). The superior occipital gyrus is continuous along the superomedial margin of the hemisphere with the cuneus and is involved in many complex functions of the human body.…”

Application of EEG in migraine

“…Migraine is a complex brain disease affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide and is the main cause of disability in the world population. In the past three decades, the global incidence rate of migraine has increased significantly, resulting in serious disease and economic burdens (Amiri et al, 2021;Ashina et al, 2021;Safiri et al, 2022). The International Headache Association defines migraine as a recurrent primary headache disorder that lasts for 4-72 h. Generally, headache is single, pulsatile, moderate or severe, aggravated by routine physical activity, and accompanied by nausea, photophobia, and hydrophobia (Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society [IHS], 2013).…”

Illness perception in patients with chronic migraine: cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects

“…К психологическим особенностям личности пациентов с мигренью относят перфекционизм, завышенные требования к себе и к окружающим, нейротизм (эмоциональную неустойчивость), ипохондричность, высокую личностную тревожность, склонность к чрезмерным эмоциональным реакциям. Авторы предшествующих исследований обнаружили, что перечисленные психологические характеристики значимо чаще встречаются среди пациентов с мигренью, чем в общей популяции [19]. Также было показано, что люди с мигренью сильнее реагируют на стресс, тяжелее переживают негативные жизненные события, чем люди без мигрени [20].…”

“…Активная жизненная позиция рассматривается как одна из психологических особенностей личностей с мигренью. Есть публикации, в которых обсуждается взаимосвязь мигрени, талантливости и известности, так как многие известные деятели в области политики, науки и культуры страдали мигренями [19].…”