Migraine is related to an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease: A population-based, propensity score-matched, longitudinal follow-up study

Wang, Hsin-I; Ho, Yu-Chun; Huang, Ya‐Ping; Pan, Shin-Liang

doi:10.1177/0333102416630577

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This can be explained through the shared pathophysiological mechanism of these conditions (dysfunction of the serotonergic and dopaminergic system) and through the higher oxidative stress that migraineurs present, which has been linked to presence of neurodegenerative disorders. 20 This higher risk among migraineurs and among patients with TTH could explain our findings. Moreover, there is controversy in the literature regarding the improvement of migraine symptoms after the onset of PD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…The frequency of migraine among our patients (26%) was higher than what we would expect for elderly individuals (3 to 11%). 18 Individuals with migraine (migraine: Hazard Ratio = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.14-1.86 per year 19 20 ; migraine with aura: OR = 3.61, 95% CI = 2.7-4.8 21 ; migraine without aura: OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.5-3.5 21 ) and TTH (Hazard Ratio = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.19-1.57 per year) 19 are at higher risk of having PD than those without these kind of headaches. This can be explained through the shared pathophysiological mechanism of these conditions (dysfunction of the serotonergic and dopaminergic system) and through the higher oxidative stress that migraineurs present, which has been linked to presence of neurodegenerative disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parkinson’s Disease and Headaches: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Rocha-Filho

Souza-Lima

2020

Headache

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Objectives.-This study evaluated headaches among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and whether there was any correlation between the motor symptoms and the severity of the headaches presented.Background.-Forty to 83% of PD patients are affected by pain. Despite this high prevalence of pain, only a few studies have addressed the headaches of these patients.Methods.-This was a cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients with Parkinson disease were included. Semi-structured interview; the Epworth sleepiness scale; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Part III (motor examination); and the Hoehn and Yahr scale were used.Results.-About 46 patients were included, 52% were men, mean age was 66 ± 11 years. Forty-three patients had headaches, 12/46 (26%), migraines, 31/46 (67%) had tension-type headaches. We found no association between the headache frequency (median: 0.5; 0.5 to 7.5 vs 0.5; 0.5 to 8 days/3 months; P = .757) or intensity (median: 5; 4 to 8 vs 5.5, 4 to 9; P = .514) and the different stages of the PD (Hoehn and Yahr scale: ≤2.5 vs >2.5). There was no correlation between UPDRS score and the intensity (r = −0.099; P = .530) or frequency of headaches (r = −0.136; P = .373). No association was found between the grade of neck stiffness (0 vs 1 and 2 vs 3 and 4) and the headache frequency (Median: 0; 0 to 3 vs 3.5; 0 to 12.5 vs 0; 0 to 6 days/3 months; P = .074) or intensity (Median: 5; 3 to 9 vs 5; 4 to 6 vs 7; 4.5 to 9; P = .434). Twelve patients said that their headaches started after PD had been diagnosed. There was no difference regarding the frequency and characteristics of headaches and PD characteristics between these patients and the other patients with previous headaches.Conclusions.-In this sample of PD patients, there is no association between headache and PD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parkinson’s Disease and Headaches: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Rocha-Filho

Souza-Lima

2020

Headache

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“…Moreover, the frequency of migraine attacks and the duration of the disorder predict harm to the brain, while in migraine with visual aura, the associated white matter lesions progress over time . Further, migraine disorder increases the risk of conditions such as hypertension, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction and, of note, Parkinson's disease . How can such a broad swath of damage be reconciled with a neuroprotective process?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…168 Further, migraine disorder increases the risk of conditions such as hypertension, 169 ischemic stroke, 170 myocardial infarction 171,172 and, of note, Parkinson's disease. 173 How can such a broad swath of damage be reconciled with a neuroprotective process?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Migraine Attack as a Homeostatic, Neuroprotective Response to Brain Oxidative Stress: Preliminary Evidence for a Theory

Borkum

2017

Headache

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Background.-Previous research has suggested that migraineurs show higher levels of oxidative stress (lipid peroxides) between migraine attacks and that migraine triggers may further increase brain oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is transduced into a neural signal by the TRPA1 ion channel on meningeal pain receptors, eliciting neurogenic inflammation, a key event in migraine. Thus, migraines may be a response to brain oxidative stress.Results.-In this article, a number of migraine components are considered: cortical spreading depression, platelet activation, plasma protein extravasation, endothelial nitric oxide synthesis, and the release of serotonin, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Evidence is presented from in vitro research and animal and human studies of ischemia suggesting that each component has neuroprotective functions, decreasing oxidant production, upregulating antioxidant enzymes, stimulating neurogenesis, preventing apoptosis, facilitating mitochondrial biogenesis, and/or releasing growth factors in the brain. Feedback loops between these components are described. Limitations and challenges to the model are discussed.Conclusions.-The theory is presented that migraines are an integrated defensive, neuroprotective response to brain oxidative stress.

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“…Only two cohort studies have previously been conducted, but both found that midlife migraine was associated with increased risk of PD. 20,21 However, these studies have been criticized for not correcting for cardiovascular disease, head injury, and/or other neurological diseases. We found that the association between PD and migraine remained nominally significant (OR = 1·205 [1·056 -1·374], P = 5·49x10 -3 ) after correcting for possible confounding factors (see Supplementary Methods).…”

Section: Neurological and Cognitive Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Parkinson’s Phenome: Traits Associated with Parkinson’s Disease in a Large and Deeply Phenotyped Cohort

Heilbron

Noyce

Fontanillas

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Background Observational studies have begun to characterize the wide spectrum of phenotypes associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), but recruiting large numbers of PD cases and assaying a diversity of phenotypes has often been difficult. Here, we set out to systematically describe the PD phenome using a cross-sectional case-control design in a large database. MethodsWe analyzed the association between PD and 840 phenotypes derived from online surveys. For each phenotype, we ran a logistic regression using an average of 5,141 PD cases and 65,459 age-and sexmatched controls. We selected uncorrelated phenotypes, determined statistical significance after correcting for multiple testing, and systematically assessed the novelty of each significant association. We tested whether significant phenotypes were also associated with disease duration in PD cases.Findings PD diagnosis was associated with 149 independent phenotypes. We replicated 32 known associations and discovered 49 associations that have not previously been reported. We found that migraine, obsessive-compulsive disorder, seasonal allergies, and anemia were associated with PD, but were not significantly associated with PD duration, and tend to occur decades before the average age of diagnosis for PD. Further work is needed to determine whether these phenotypes are PD risk factors or whether they share common disease mechanisms. InterpretationWe used a systematic approach in a single large dataset to assess the spectrum of traits that were associated with PD. Some of these traits may be risk factors for PD, features of the pre-diagnostic phase of disease, or manifestations of PD pathology. The model outputs from all 840 logistic regressions are available to the research community and may be used to generate hypotheses regarding PD etiology. . We performed additional MEDLINE searches for each phenotype that was significantly associated with PD. Although dozens of phenotypes have been tested for an association with PD, only a few associations have been consistently repeatable (e.g. pesticide exposure, coffee consumption). Added value of this studyWe systematically tested for an association between PD and 840 phenotypes using up to 13,546 cases and 1·3 million controls, making this one of the largest PD epidemiology studies ever conducted. We discovered 49 novel associations that will need to be replicated or validated. We found 44 associations for phenotypes that have previously been studied in relation to PD, but for which an association has not been consistently demonstrated. Implications of all the available evidenceTaken together with results from previous studies, this series of case-control analyses adds evidence for associations between PD and many phenotypes that are not currently thought to be part of the canonical PD phenome. This work paves the way for future studies to assess whether any of these phenotypes represent PD risk factors and whether any of these risk factors are modifiable.

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Migraine is related to an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease: A population-based, propensity score-matched, longitudinal follow-up study

Abstract: This study showed an increased risk of developing PD in patients with migraine.

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Parkinson’s Disease and Headaches: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Parkinson’s Disease and Headaches: A Cross‐Sectional Study

The Migraine Attack as a Homeostatic, Neuroprotective Response to Brain Oxidative Stress: Preliminary Evidence for a Theory

The Parkinson’s Phenome: Traits Associated with Parkinson’s Disease in a Large and Deeply Phenotyped Cohort

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