Migrant health convergence and the role of material deprivation

Loi, Silvia; Hale, Jo Mhairi

doi:10.4054/demres.2019.40.32

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Subsequent studies confirm that migrants generally show better health than natives, with some changes over time (Caselli, Loi, and Strozza 2017;Petrelli et al 2017;Loi et al 2018;Campostrini et al 2019;Loi and Hale 2019). They also exhibit lower mortality rates (Fedeli et al 2015;Pacelli et al 2016) and are less likely to report functional limitations and chronic illnesses (Caselli, Loi, and Strozza 2017).…”

Section: The Italian Contextmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In their work on migration, health, and mortality in Italy, Caselli, Loi, and Strozza (2017) argue that the health status of foreigners seems to be better than that of the Italian population and that this advantage decreases over time. Recently, Loi and Hale (2019) have examined how material deprivation interacts with duration of stay to affect migrants' health convergence, suggesting that the health of immigrants living in conditions of material deprivation is more similar to the natives' health at shorter durations of stay than that of their nondeprived counterparts. Another study of the association between migrants' health by country of origin and duration of stay in Italy is that of Campostrini et al (2019), who conclude that many migrant subgroups arrive with healthier behaviours than those of their adopted country.…”

Section: The Italian Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the health advantage of newly arrived immigrants is well documented in the literature (Darmon and Khlat 2001;Kennedy et al 2015;Riosmena, Kuhn, and Jochem 2017;Wallace, Khlat, and Guillot 2019), a growing number of studies has also emphasised the health deterioration experienced by migrants with increasing duration of stay in the host country (e.g., Khlat and Darmon 2003;Newbold 2005;Antecol and Bedard 2006;Loi and Hale 2019;Lubbers and Gijsberts 2019;Wallace, Khlat, and Guillot 2019). This pattern has been explained mainly by the negative effect that the host society and the new living conditions may have on immigrants in terms of health behaviours and access to health services (Jasso et al 2004;Beiser 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gendering health differences between nonmigrants and migrants by duration of stay in Italy

Trappolini¹,

Giudici²

2021

DemRes

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BACKGROUNDGender and migrant status are important factors for health. A common finding is that women report poorer health than men and that migrants' health converges with nonmigrants' health as the duration of stay in the host country increases. However, little is known about whether gender differences in health persist within migrant groups and whether the migrant-native health convergence differs by gender, especially in the Italian context. OBJECTIVEThis study aims to include the gender dimension in the analysis of the health differences between Italians and migrants by duration of stay, focusing on how gender interacts with duration of stay in determining migrants' health. METHODSWe performed multivariate logistic regression on a sample of 70,154 residents in Italy aged 20-64, using the 2013 Italian Health Survey. We modelled the association between duration of stay and three health dimensions by gender and computed predicted probabilities to show the interaction effect of gender and duration of stay. RESULTSWe found evidence of a migrant health advantage among recent migrant men and women that becomes weaker among long-term migrants. After a long duration of stay, differences in health between migrants and nonmigrants are slightly more pronounced among women than among men. CONTRIBUTIONThis is the first study in Italy that contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the role played by gender in determining the health differences observed. The study

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Section: The Italian Contextmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: The Italian Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gendering health differences between nonmigrants and migrants by duration of stay in Italy

Trappolini¹,

Giudici²

2021

DemRes

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“…Although a systematic review and meta-analysis of empirical studies by Aldridge et al (2018) finds an overall mortality advantage among international migrants compared with native populations, this evidence is limited only to high-income destination countries and excludes marginalized subgroups of migrants. Given the reported heterogeneities of migrants' health status, we assume similar life expectancies of foreign-born populations to those of the native-born, since migrants' health outcomes and mortality patterns do tend to converge to those of the natives' as duration of stay increases (Wallace et al 2019;Loi and Hale 2019).…”

Section: Calibration Of Remittance Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing international migration in projections of income and inequality across the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

et al. 2021

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The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) represent five narratives of future development used for climate change research. They include quantified projections of socioeconomic variables such as population, income levels, inequalities, and emissions over the twenty-first century. The SSP’s population projections embody explicit, pathway-specific international migration assumptions, which are only implicit in the projections of other variables. In this contribution, we explicitly quantify the effects of international migration on income levels and income inequality across and within countries by comparing the original SSP projections to scenarios of zero migration. Income projections without migration are obtained by removing two effects of migration on income dynamics: changes in population size and remittances sent to origin countries. We base our remittance estimates on migrant stocks derived from bilateral migration flow estimates obtained from a gravity model. We find that, on average, migration tends to make the world richer in all SSP narratives. The nature of migration and remittance corridors is shaped by the specific scenario of future development considered. Depending on the particular SSP narrative and world region considered, the effects of migration on income can be substantial, ranging from −5 to +21% at the continental level. We show that migration tends to decrease income inequality across countries and within country in most destination countries but does not affect within-country inequality in origin countries. This new set of projections is consistent with the interdisciplinary framework of the SSPs, which makes it particularly useful for assessing global climate and sustainable development policy options.

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“…This result is in line with other international studies [ 43 – 46 ]. Following the international literature, and being cautious in the interpretation of data, this finding might be due to a better migrants’ health status and migrants’ healthier lifestyles, known in literature as the healthy migrant effect [ 21 ], which have also been proven in the Italian context [ 50 , 51 , 68 , 69 ]. Nevertheless, looking at the frequency of use among those who accessed the ED, the analysis displays that migrants registered a different utilisation rate, which varies according to the origin area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities in emergency department use between Italians and migrants residing in Rome, Italy: the Rome Dynamic Longitudinal Study from 2005 to 2015

Trappolini

Marino²,

Agabiti³

et al. 2020

BMC Public Health

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Background The Emergency Department (ED) can be considered an indicator of accessibility and quality and can be influenced in period of economic downturns. In the last fifteen years, the number of migrants in Italy has doubled (from 2.4 million in 2005 to 5.2 in 2019, 4.1 and 8.7% of the total population, respectively). However, evidence about migrants’ healthcare use is poor, and no studies focused on the ED utilisation rate during the Great Recession are available. This study aims to analyse trends in all-cause and cause-specific ED utilisation among migrants and Italians residing in Rome, Italy, before and after 2008. Methods Longitudinal study based on data from the Municipal Register of Rome linked to the Emergency Department Register from 2005 to 2015. We analysed 2,184,467 individuals, aged 25–64 in each year. We applied a Hurdle model to estimate the propensity to use the ED and to model how often individuals accessed the ED. Results Migrants were less likely to be ED users than Italians, except for Africans (RR = 1.46, 95%CI 1.40–1.52) and Latin Americans (RR = 1.04, 95%CI 1.00–1.08) who had higher all-cause utilisation rates than non-migrants. Compared to the pre-2008 period, in the post-2008 we found an increase in the likelihood of being an ED user (OR = 1.34, 95%CI 1.34–1.35), and a decrease in ED utilisation rates (RR = 0.96, 95%CI 0.96–0.97) for the whole population, with differences among migrant subgroups, regardless of cause. Conclusions This study shows differences in the ED utilisation between migrants and Italians, and within the migrant population, during the Great Recession. The findings may reflect differentials in the health status, and barriers to access primary and secondary care among migrants. In this regard, health policies and cuts in health spending measures may have played a key role, and interventions to tackle health and access disparities should include policy measures addressing the underlying factors, adopting a Health in All Policies perspective. Further researches focusing on specific groups of migrants, and on the causes and diagnoses related to the ED utilisation, may help to explain the differences observed.

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Migrant health convergence and the role of material deprivation

Cited by 27 publications

References 50 publications

Gendering health differences between nonmigrants and migrants by duration of stay in Italy

Gendering health differences between nonmigrants and migrants by duration of stay in Italy

Tracing international migration in projections of income and inequality across the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

Disparities in emergency department use between Italians and migrants residing in Rome, Italy: the Rome Dynamic Longitudinal Study from 2005 to 2015

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