Migrant health penalty: evidence of higher mortality risk among internal migrants in sub-Saharan Africa

Ginsburg, Carren; Bocquier, Philippe; Menashe‐Oren, Ashira; Collinson, Mark

doi:10.1080/16549716.2021.1930655

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Although non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality is strongly associated with low socio-economic conditions 17 and largely preventable through timely access to healthcare, previous studies found no consistent differences in all-cause and NCD mortality between internal migrants and non-migrants in LMICs. 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 Notably, the studies conducted in Latin America found evidence of lower all-cause mortality among internal and international migrants compared to local-born non-migrants in Peru 20 and Brazil, 23 respectively. In contrast to LMICs, several studies have reported mortality advantages among international migrants living in HICs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality among over 6 million internal and international migrants in Brazil: a study using the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort

Pescarini

Góes

Pinto

et al. 2023

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality among over 6 million internal and international migrants in Brazil: a study using the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort

Pescarini

Góes

Pinto

et al. 2023

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas

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“…This provides evidence for the migrant health penalty, which posits that individuals who migrate experience intrinsic risks that heighten their risk for poor HIV outcomes. 16 Mobile populations may face structural barriers to care that lead to treatment interruptions, 17 which increases risk of viremia and other poor treatment outcomes. 26,27 In Namibia, high viremia rates were found along transport corridors, signifying that high rates of viremia among migrants may also correspond to high community-level viremia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15] Similarly, estimates of population-level rates of viremia among persons living with HIV may be biased by the exclusion of new households, and most evidence in SSA suggests worse HIV outcomes for migrants compared to non-migrants due to gaps in the continuity of care. [16][17][18] Here, we explored how systematic exclusion of in-migrants in new structures may bias survey samples and alter HIV estimates. We first described characteristics of migrant individuals in new household structures, comparing them to both migrants and non-migrants in existing household structures.…”

Section: Exclusion Of New Households From Open Population-based Cohor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of rapid population growth on survey design and HIV estimates in the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS), Uganda

Khalifa

Ssekubugu

Lessler

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Longitudinal population-based cohorts are critical in HIV surveillance programs in Africa but continued rapid population growth poses serious challenges to maintaining cohort representativeness with limited resources. In one such cohort, we evaluated if systematic exclusion of some residents due to growing population size biases key HIV metrics like prevalence and viremia. Methods: Data were obtained from the Rakai Community Cohort study (RCCS) in south central Uganda, an open population-based cohort which began excluding some residents of newly constructed household structures within its surveillance boundaries in 2008. We evaluated the extent to which changing inclusion criteria may bias recent population HIV seroprevalence and viremia estimates from the RCCS using ensemble machine learning models fit to 2019-2020 RCCS census and survey data. Results: Of the 24,729 census-eligible residents, 2,920 (12%) were living within new household structures and excluded. Predicted seroprevalence for excluded residents was 11.4% (95% Confidence Interval: 10.2, 12.3) compared to 11.8% in the observed sample. However, predicted seroprevalence for younger excluded residents 15-24 years was 5.1% (3.6, 6.1), which was significantly higher than that in the observed sample for the same age group (2.6%). Over all ages, predicted prevalence of viremia in excluded residents (2.8% [2.2, 3.3]) was higher than that in the observed sample (1.7%), resulting in a somewhat higher overall population viremia estimate of 1.9% [1.8, 2.0]). Conclusions: Exclusion of residents in new households may modestly bias HIV viremia estimates and some age-specific seroprevalence estimates in the RCCS. Overall HIV seroprevalence estimates were not significantly affected.

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“…Research exploring health amongst African migrants is limited, particularly with younger populations [ 39 ]. Even less work has focused on possibilities for health promotion with young migrant groups—particularly in Africa, including detailed exploration of the ways young migrants engage with (or not) health-enhancing practices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Health Experiences of Young Internal Migrants in Ghana—Identifying Priorities for Sustainable Health Promotion

Spencer

Dankyi

Thompson

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The Sustainable Development Goals underscore the importance of migration to the achievement of health, and global migration presents both opportunities and challenges for the development of health promotion. Despite such recognition, very little work has focused on health promotion with young migrants, including how migration shapes opportunities for positive health. This paper reports findings from a qualitative study that sought to advance knowledge of the health experiences of young internal migrants in Ghana (n = 14) and considers ways to harness these perspectives in the development of sustainable health promotion solutions. Methods included community consultations, participatory workshops and interviews with young migrants aged 14–21 years. Findings highlighted how the social determinants of health affected young migrants’ opportunities to support their health. Our analysis highlights how a lack of access to adequate food, shelter and health services often resulted in the adoption of alternative health practices, including the use of herbal remedies. Supporting positive livelihoods as part of tackling the social determinants of health is crucial to mitigate the impacts of poverty and inequalities on young migrants’ health practices and outcomes. We conclude by considering how to advance relevant health promotion with young migrants living in contexts of vulnerability.

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Migrant health penalty: evidence of higher mortality risk among internal migrants in sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract: d'analyse du changement dans l'histoire et les sociétés contemporaines (IACCHOS),

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Mortality among over 6 million internal and international migrants in Brazil: a study using the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort

Mortality among over 6 million internal and international migrants in Brazil: a study using the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort

Implications of rapid population growth on survey design and HIV estimates in the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS), Uganda

The Health Experiences of Young Internal Migrants in Ghana—Identifying Priorities for Sustainable Health Promotion

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