Migration and accumulation of bacteria with chemotaxis and chemokinesis

Jakuszeit, Theresa; Lindsey-Jones, James; Peaudecerf, François J.; Croze, Ottavio A.

doi:10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00009-w

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Bacteria have mechanisms for sensing their environment, as it benefits them greatly to move toward nutrients and away from potential repellents. This is accomplished through a complex system known as chemotaxis, which allows bacterial cells to sense attractants or repellants in their environment via chemoreceptors and respond appropriately by biasing the rotational direction or speed of the flagellum [77][78][79][80][81]. In addition to motility, effective chemotaxis are important virulence factors for many species of bacteria [52,53].…”

Section: The Bacterial Flagellummentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagellotropic Bacteriophages: Opportunities and Challenges for Antimicrobial Applications

Esteves

Scharf

2022

IJMS

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Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere. As viruses that solely infect bacteria, phages have myriad healthcare and agricultural applications including phage therapy and antibacterial treatments in the foodservice industry. Phage therapy has been explored since the turn of the twentieth century but was no longer prioritized following the invention of antibiotics. As we approach a post-antibiotic society, phage therapy research has experienced a significant resurgence for the use of phages against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, a growing concern in modern medicine. Phages are extraordinarily diverse, as are their host receptor targets. Flagellotropic (flagellum-dependent) phages begin their infection cycle by attaching to the flagellum of their motile host, although the later stages of the infection process of most of these phages remain elusive. Flagella are helical appendages required for swimming and swarming motility and are also of great importance for virulence in many pathogenic bacteria of clinical relevance. Not only is bacterial motility itself frequently important for virulence, as it allows pathogenic bacteria to move toward their host and find nutrients more effectively, but flagella can also serve additional functions including mediating bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Flagella are also a potent antigen recognized by the human immune system. Phages utilizing the flagellum for infections are of particular interest due to the unique evolutionary tradeoff they force upon their hosts: by downregulating or abolishing motility to escape infection by a flagellotropic phage, a pathogenic bacterium would also likely attenuate its virulence. This factor may lead to flagellotropic phages becoming especially potent antibacterial agents. This review outlines past, present, and future research of flagellotropic phages, including their molecular mechanisms of infection and potential future applications.

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Section: The Bacterial Flagellummentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagellotropic Bacteriophages: Opportunities and Challenges for Antimicrobial Applications

Esteves

Scharf

2022

IJMS

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“…Our work could also be generalized to account for collective sensing mechanisms 71 and for chemokinesis, i.e. the dependence of cell speed on chemical concentration 79 . Beyond chemotaxis, our theory could be generalized to other types of collective tactic phenomena [80][81][82] including cell durotaxis 83,84 , electrotaxis 85 , and robot phototaxis 86,87 .…”

Section: Chemotactic Fingering Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Sensing Governs the Stability of Chemotactic Fronts

Alert,

Martínez-Calvo,

Datta

2021

Preprint

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In contexts ranging from embryonic development to bacterial ecology, cell populations migrate chemotactically along self-generated chemical gradients, often forming a propagating front. Here, we theoretically show that the stability of such chemotactic fronts to morphological perturbations is determined by limitations in the ability of individual cells to sense and thereby respond to the chemical gradient. Specifically, cells at bulging parts of a front are exposed to a smaller gradient, which slows them down and promotes stability, but they also respond more strongly to the gradient, which speeds them up and promotes instability. We predict that this competition leads to chemotactic fingering when sensing is limited at too low chemical concentrations. Guided by this finding and by experimental data on E. coli chemotaxis, we suggest that the cells' sensory machinery might have evolved to avoid these limitations and ensure stable front propagation. Finally, as sensing of any stimuli is necessarily limited in living and active matter in general, the principle of sensing-induced stability may operate in other types of directed migration such as durotaxis, electrotaxis, and phototaxis.

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“…opposes) the positive concentration gradient. On the other hand, if the movement is not directed but velocity changes in this same chemical gradient, it is instead called chemokinesis (136). In Physarum, first observations of chemotaxis date back to the work of Coman, who observed an attraction to glucose, but indifference to sucrose (137,138).…”

Section: Chemotaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

A hydro-osmotic coarsening theory of biological cavity formation

Verge-Serandour

Turlier

2020

Preprint

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The blastocoel is a fluid-filled cavity characterizing early embryos at blastula stage. It is commonly described as the result of cell division patterning, but in tightly compacted embryos the mechanism underlying its emergence remains unclear. Based on experimental observations, we discuss an alternative physical model by which a single cavity forms by growth and coarsening of myriad of micrometric lumens interconnected through the intercellular space. Considering explicitly ion and fluid exchanges, we find that cavity formation is primarily controlled by hydraulic fluxes, with a minor influence of osmotic heterogeneities on the dynamics. Performing extensive numerical simulations on 1-dimensional chains of lumens, we show that coarsening is self-similar with a dynamic scaling exponent reminiscent of dewetting films over a large range of ion and water permeability values. Adding active pumping of ions to account for lumen growth largely enriches the dynamics: it prevents from collective collapse and leads to the emergence of a novel coalescence-dominated regime exhibiting a distinct scaling law. Finally, we prove that a spatial bias in pumping may be sufficient to position the final cavity, delineating hence a novel mode of symmetry breaking for tissue patterning. Providing generic testable predictions our hydro-osmotic coarsening theory highlights the essential roles of hydraulic and osmotic flows in development, with expected applications in early embryogenesis and lumenogenesis.

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Migration and accumulation of bacteria with chemotaxis and chemokinesis

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

Flagellotropic Bacteriophages: Opportunities and Challenges for Antimicrobial Applications

Flagellotropic Bacteriophages: Opportunities and Challenges for Antimicrobial Applications

Cellular Sensing Governs the Stability of Chemotactic Fronts

A hydro-osmotic coarsening theory of biological cavity formation

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