Migration and Gender in China’s HIV/AIDS Epidemic

Merli, M. Giovanna; DeWaard, Jack; Tian, Feng; Hertog, Sara

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9900-7_3

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Our findings reflect existing literature that suggests that condom use is low in China (Merli et al 2009), particularly among sex workers and their clients (Hesketh, Zhang, and Qiang 2005;van den Hoek et al 2001;Wang et al 2007). In this study, the primary reasons cited for not using condoms included lack of knowledge and being unprepared and, among women, feeling discriminated against by family planning clinics and organisations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Sexual attitudes, behaviours and acculturation among young migrants in Shanghai

Sudhinaraset

Mmari

et al. 2012

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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China's rates of internal migration increased to an all-time high of over 200 million individuals at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Yet, there is a dearth of information on the lives of young migrant populations. The aim of this study was to explore how migration influences the sexual attitudes and behaviours of 18-24-year-old migrant men and women in Shanghai, China. A total of 64 migrants participated in 10 focus-group discussions and 20 in-depth interviews. Guided by acculturation theory, coded data were organised into analytic matrices to compare themes across participants. Factors associated with increased sexual-risk behaviours include acculturative stress, discrimination leading to social isolation, conflicts between traditional and modern city values and increased sexual opportunities. Premarital sex, cohabitation, unprotected sex and visiting sex workers are common among this population. Reasons for not using condoms included being unprepared, lack of knowledge and barriers in accessing reproductive services due to not having urban documentation. Local family planning programmes should help migrants negotiate traditional and modern values and partner with work-sites to provide comprehensive sexual education and services and train health professionals in the specific healthcare needs of young migrant populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Sexual attitudes, behaviours and acculturation among young migrants in Shanghai

Sudhinaraset

Mmari

et al. 2012

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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“…Migration may place youth at particular risk for a number of reasons. Adoption of risky sexual behaviors in urban areas is heightened with increased exposures to the commercial sex industry, drugs and alcohol, and different peer networks [4]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV prevalence in China is currently at 0.1%, which translates to over 700,000 infected individuals [1]. Migration is associated with increased sexual-risk behaviors in urban areas as migrants are exposed to a commercial sex industry, drugs and alcohol, and different peer networks [2–4]. China is experiencing the largest flow of labor migration in human history, with an internal migrant population, or floating population , of over 140 million individuals [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Migration and Unprotected Sex in Shanghai, China: Correlates of Condom Use and Contraceptive Consistency Across Migrant and Nonmigrant Youth

Sudhinaraset

Astone

Blum

2012

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Purpose Despite the exceptionally large population of young migrants in China, as well as increasing rates of HIV and STIs in recent years, condom use and contraceptive consistency among this population remains critically under studied. This study examines the association between migration and condom use and contraceptive consistency. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 959 youth aged 15–24 was conducted in rural and urban Shanghai. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between migration status and condom use and consistent contraceptive use. Analyses are stratified by gender. Results Overall, only 32% reported condom use at first sex and less than 10% reported consistent contraceptive use. Compared to 63.6% of urban non-migrants, 83.1% of rural-to-urban migrants reported not using a condom at first sex. Multivariate logistic regression models indicate that patterns of migration and gender clearly impact condom use and contraceptive consistency. After adjusting for background characteristics, rural-to-urban migrant males were significantly less likely to report condom use at first sex and consistent contraceptive use with first partner compared to non-migrants and urban-to-urban migrants. Females living in rural areas who never migrate, on the other hand, are least likely to report condom use and consistent contraceptive use compared to other females. Conclusion Because rural men who migrate to urban areas and rural non-migrant young women are at particular risk, programs should target rural areas for both of these group that would give support to young men before they leave their hometowns, as well as focusing on females who might not have the opportunity to migrate.

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“…In fact, China's masculine migration flows and sex ratios at birth are often combined in the same narrative of surplus males even though the precise relationship between sex ratios at birth and internal migration is not discussed (Tucker et al 2005). While in other work (Merli et al 2009) we have addressed the role of migration in altering the urban and rural partnership markets and driving up the prevalence of risky sexual behaviors with implications for the spread of HIV/AIDS, in the present paper our treatment of migration is limited to its incorporation into the simulation model to preserve demographic realism. profitable relative to marriage.…”

Section: Sex Ratios At Birth Age-sex Structure Distortions and Sexuamentioning

confidence: 99%