Migration and gout: the Tokelau Island migrant study.

Prior, Ian A.; Welby, T. J.; Østbye, Truls; Salmond, Clare; Stokes, Yvonne M.

doi:10.1136/bmj.295.6596.457

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…T h e r e was, however, no significant difference in the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia between the groups with and without CHD. It has been noted before [28] that the serum cholesterol level is not particularly high in members of Pacific populations and it might therefore play a lesser role as a risk factor for CHD [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease in a Population with a High Prevalence of Obesity and Diabetes: A Case-Control Study of the Polynesian Population of Western Samoa

Wahi

Gatzka

Sherrard

et al. 1997

European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitat

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Objective To evaluate anthropometric, haemodynamic and biochemical risk markers for coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Polynesian population of Western Samoa in a case-control study of 43 cases of CHD compared with 9 0 age-(mean 53 years) and sex-matched controls.Methods Cases were identified on the basis of a 1 2-lead electrocardiogram and clinical history. ResultsMore than 60% of the participants had a body mass index 230 kg/m2 and nearly 80% had central obesity. Both diabetes mellitus (1 7%) and impaired glucose tolerance (9%) were also common in this population. Nineteen per cent of the population were hypertensive and both antihypertensive therapy (21 versus 1%, P

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is known that the plasma urate lcvel is high and gout is common in Pacific populations [28,40,41]. In addition, the plasma iirate level is related both to the BMI and to the glucose tolerance [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease in a Population with a High Prevalence of Obesity and Diabetes: A Case-Control Study of the Polynesian Population of Western Samoa

Wahi

Gatzka

Sherrard

et al. 1997

European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitat

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“…Earlier work described the link between "westernisation" and metabolic maladies of the New Zealand Maori and the serious implications it has for a disease complex including hypertension, coronary artery disease, obesity, diabetes, hyperuricaemia, gout, and, as a complication, renal failure [1,2]. A longitudinal survey of gout in the Tokelauans has shown a relative risk of gout of 9 in the migrants compared with the non-migrants [38]. These rates are still lower than those found in the Maori study [2], where a high rate of the combined disorders was found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, migration and westernisation: The Tokelau Island Migrant study

Østbye

Welby²,

Prior³

et al. 1989

Diabetologia

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Summary. The migration of Tokelauans from a traditional atoll in the Pacific to urban New Zealand is associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of Type 2 (non-insulindependent) diabetes mellitus over the period [1968][1969][1970][1971][1972][1973][1974][1975][1976][1977][1978][1979][1980][1981][1982]. During the same period, a lesser but definite increase is seen among non-migrants in Tokelau. The age standardised prevalence rates rose from 7.5 and 11.7 to 10.8 and 19.9 per 100 respectively in the male and female migrants compared with an increase from 3.0 and 8.7 to 7.0 and 14.3 per 100 in the nonmigrant males and females respectively. The incidence of diabetes is shown to be consistently higher in the migrants compared to the non-migrants giving relative risks of 1.5 in males and 1.9 in females. The factors most likely contributing to this difference, are changes to a higher calorie, high protein diet, higher alcohol consumption, a greater weight gain and altered levels of physical activity in the migrants. A number of populations in the Pacific have been shown to have a low rate of diabetes in their traditional setting, but may have a genetic predisposition for diabetes which responds to factors in the urban industrialised environment and life-style. The social and economic changes taking place in Tokelau are also clearly increasing the risk of diabetes. To reverse these trends and prevent the development of complications of Type 2 diabetes, it will be important to institute preventive programmes and to follow up the population in both environments for long-term outcomes, including mortality.

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“…In many Pacific locations, as much as 90% of fish eaten comes out of a can. 4 An increased intake of imported food is often associated with a higher salt, fat, and refined carbohydrate diet that may contribute to a rising prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, 74 gout, 75 hypertension, 76 and atherosclerotic vascular disease 77 in a variety of indigenous Pacific populations.…”

Section: B Adverse Impacts Of Ciguateramentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciguatera: Ecological, clinical, and socioeconomic perspectives

Lewis¹,

Ruff²

1993

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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Ciguatera fish poisoning, found throughout the world in warm waters, is the most common type of marine biotoxin ingestion. A polymorphous disease caused by toxins produced by coral reef dinoflagellate(s) and which concentrate up the food chain, ciguatera poses important health, nutritional, economic, and social problems for inhabitants of endemic areas. Despite considerable recent study and progress, the ecology and pathophysiology of the disease remain relatively little understood. Areas in which progress has been made include identification of the causative organisms and toxins and, to a lesser extent, treatment of affected persons. It has become clear that a variety of disturbances of the ecology of coral reefs may be associated with outbreaks of ciguatera. This paper reviews broadly the current knowledge of ciguatera, particularly the ecological, clinical, and socioeconomic aspects.

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Migration and gout: the Tokelau Island migrant study.

Cited by 47 publications

References 14 publications

Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease in a Population with a High Prevalence of Obesity and Diabetes: A Case-Control Study of the Polynesian Population of Western Samoa

Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease in a Population with a High Prevalence of Obesity and Diabetes: A Case-Control Study of the Polynesian Population of Western Samoa

Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, migration and westernisation: The Tokelau Island Migrant study

Ciguatera: Ecological, clinical, and socioeconomic perspectives

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