Migration and health: a study of effects of early life experiences and current socio-economic situation on mortality of immigrants in Sweden

Klinthäll, Martin; Lindström, Martin

doi:10.1080/13557858.2011.602392

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The inclusion of sociodemographic characteristics lowered estimates of immigrants' death risk, in concordance with existing literature (Bos et al 2004;Klinthall and Lindstrom 2011;Norredam et al 2012;Omariba, Ng, and Vissandjee 2014;Wallace and Kulu 2014). In stepwise models the inclusion of education mattered most, followed by marital and parental status.…”

Section: The Influence Of Sociodemographic Featuressupporting

confidence: 66%

“…However, as immigrants in Norway are a heterogeneous group with different and changing social status, the well-established links between mortality and education and marital status and parenthood might not play as important a role (see e.g., Dunn and Dyck 2000). On the other hand, taking sociodemographic characteristics into account might contribute to conceal differences between groups of immigrants, in particular related to the reason for migration (Klinthall and Lindstrom 2011).…”

Section: Acculturation Social Status and Social Causationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in all-cause mortality

Syse¹,

Strand²,

Næss³

et al. 2016

DemRes

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BACKGROUNDDifferences in all-cause mortality between immigrants and host populations may provide insight into health inequities that could be reduced. OBJECTIVEDeath risks of adult immigrants were compared to those of the host population to assess effects of country of origin, duration of residence, calendar period, and sociodemographic characteristics, i.e., sex, education, and marital and parental status. METHODSRegistry data encompassing the entire Norwegian population age 25-79 in 1990-2012 were used to compare death risks in various immigrant groups and the host population, using discrete-time hazard regression models with time-varying covariates. RESULTSOver 451,000 deaths occurred in around 4.4 million individuals. After adjusting for sex, age, and calendar period, immigrants had an 8% survival advantage (odds ratio (OR) 0.92). Death-risk estimates for immigrants were lowered pronouncedly by further adjustment of sociodemographic factors (OR 0.81). The greatest survival advantage was observed among immigrants with a short duration of residence. With increasing lengths of stay, immigrants' risk of death became similar to that of the host population. The CONCLUSIONSImmigrants have a 20% survival advantage compared to the host population. The convergence in mortality with increasing duration of residence suggests that 'healthy migrant' and 'acculturation' effects counteract each other, and warrants further research on the health and welfare of long-term immigrants.

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Section: The Influence Of Sociodemographic Featuressupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Acculturation Social Status and Social Causationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in all-cause mortality

Syse¹,

Strand²,

Næss³

et al. 2016

DemRes

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“…Although immigrants in the USA [10,11] and in Denmark [12] appear to have lower mortality rates, other European studies have described higher mortality rates [13-15] for immigrants compared to the local-born populations. However, some studies point out the association between the pre-migration history, expressed as the wealth of the immigrant’s country of origin or the reason for migration, and mortality [12,13,15] while others conclude that the effects of current adult life socio-economic conditions on mortality are stronger than the effects of early life conditions [14,16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential utilization of primary health care services among older immigrants and Norwegians: a register-based comparative study in Norway

Díaz

Kumar²

2014

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundAging in an unfamiliar landscape can pose health challenges for the growing numbers of immigrants and their health care providers. Therefore, better understanding of how different immigrant groups use Primary Health Care (PHC), and the underlying factors that explain utilization is needed to provide adequate and appropriate public health responses. Our aim is to describe and compare the use of PHC between elderly immigrants and Norwegians.MethodsRegistry-based study using merged data from the National Population Register and the Norwegian Health Economics Administration database. All 50 year old or older Norwegians with both parents from Norway (1,516,012) and immigrants with both parents from abroad (89,861) registered in Norway in 2008 were included. Descriptive analyses were carried out. Immigrants were categorised according to country of origin, reason for migration and length of stay in Norway. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to study the utilization of PHC comparing Norwegians and immigrants, and to assess associations between utilization and both length of stay and reason for immigration, adjusting for other socioeconomic variables.ResultsA higher proportion of Norwegians used PHC services compared to immigrants. While immigrants from high-income countries used PHC less than Norwegians disregarding age (OR from 0.65 to 0.92 depending on age group), they had similar number of diagnoses when in contact with PHC. Among immigrants from other countries, however, those 50 to 65 years old used PHC services more often (OR 1.22) than Norwegians and had higher comorbidity levels, but this pattern was reversed for older adults (OR 0.56 to 0.47 for 66-80 and 80+ years respectively). For all immigrants, utilization of PHC increased with longer stay in Norway and was higher for refugees (1.67 to 1.90) but lower for labour immigrants (0.33 to 0.45) compared to immigrants for family reunification. However, adjustment for education and income levels reduced most differences between groups.ConclusionsImmigrants’ lower utilization of PHC services might reflect better health among immigrants, but it could also be due to barriers to access that pose public health challenges. The heterogeneity of life courses and migration trajectories should be taken into account when developing public policies.

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“…Immigrant populations across Europe have poorer health than the native populations (Lanari et al 2015;Witvliet et al 2014;Taloyan et al 2006Taloyan et al , 2008Taloyan et al , 2010Johansson et al 2012). A number of explanations for this are plausible and not mutually exclusive: material deprivation and adverse exposures in the country of origin, including the effects of war, strain related to migration itself, as well as exposures in the new country of residence, ranging from overt discrimination to subtle disadvantages (Johansson et al 2012;Borrell et al 2015;Klinthall and Lindstrom 2011;Lindstrom et al 2001). Some differences may also be attributable to genetic factors, diet, and levels of health literacy (Jonsson et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Labor Market Position Explain the Differences in Self-Rated Health between Employed Immigrants and Native Swedes: a Population-Based Study from Southern Sweden

Taloyan

Westerlund

Aronsson

et al. 2018

Int. Migration & Integration

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Many groups of immigrants have worse health than the native population in the host countries. One possible explanation for this is that immigrants are disadvantaged in the labor market, since it has been shown that both precarious and locked-in labor market position can be associated with health problems. However, no published study to date has analyzed the prevalence or consequences of locked-in labor market position among immigrants. The aim of the current study is to analyze the labor market using a population-based survey. More concretely to investigate to what extent immigrants are over-represented in locked-in labor market positions and to what extent this can explain the health disadvantage among immigrants. The study is based on a dataset of the 20,449 individuals, who in the year 2000 were aged 18-64, from a survey of a representative sample of the population in the Scania region with citizen or resident status of southern Sweden, the Public Health in Scania Study conducted by the Unit of Social Medicine at Lund University, Malmö University Hospital (MAS). Respondents born abroad with Swedish parents had the highest employment rate (81.5%), with 73.7% of the employed on permanent contracts followed by participants born in Western Europe excluding the Nordic countries (81.4%), with 66.4% permanently employed, followed by native Swedes (79.1%), with 76.9% permanently employed. The lowest employment rate was observed among those born in the Middle East and North Africa, 49.4%, with 36.8% permanently employed and 19.1% self-employed. Employed participants born in the Middle East or North Africa had an excess risk of poor self-rated health if they were in a double locked-in as well as not locked-in situation, compared with native Swedes in the same labor market situations (OR = 2.18 and 2.04, respectively). In conclusion, it appears that selection into less preferred occupations or workplaces cannot explain the excess risk of poor health among immigrants from outside of Western world. Further studies, including qualitative ones, should provide detailed information from immigrants about their labor market position and the reason behind it.

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Migration and health: a study of effects of early life experiences and current socio-economic situation on mortality of immigrants in Sweden

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Differences in all-cause mortality

Differences in all-cause mortality

Differential utilization of primary health care services among older immigrants and Norwegians: a register-based comparative study in Norway

Does Labor Market Position Explain the Differences in Self-Rated Health between Employed Immigrants and Native Swedes: a Population-Based Study from Southern Sweden

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