Migration and Housing Price Effects of Place-Based College Scholarships

Bartik, Timothy J.; Sotherland, Nathan

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2701282

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The Say Yes to Education and Kalamazoo Promise Programs studied by Sohn et al (2016) and Bartik, Eberts, and Huang (2010), respectively, were included in both the LeGower and Walsh (2014) and Bartik and Sotherland (2015) studies. The positive results found in these single-program studies align with the positive results found in the larger, more comprehensive studies.…”

Section: Search Results and Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A one standard deviation increase in the quality of the neighborhood elementary school was associated with an additional 5-10% increase in housing prices. They also documented that in the neighborhoods with the lowest-quality high schools, prices increased but enrollment at the high schools did not, indicating families were moving into Pittsburgh and Denver because of the Promise Program, but were taking advantage of charter schools to avoid enrolling their children in poor-performing high schools Bartik and Sotherland (2015). used data from the American Community Survey to estimate the impact of the eight Promise Programs on housing prices and migration patterns to and from Promise cities.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Promises Fulfilled? A Systematic Review of the Impacts of Promise Programs

et al. 2016

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Selection Criteria Only studies with experimental or quasi-experimental designs (mainly matching and differencein-differences) were included in the study. The research questions focused on the impact of Promise Programs on community development, academic achievement, behavior, college preparedness, and college enrollment. Analysis included overall results, as well as subgroup analysis by program design. Studies of Promise Programs were not excluded based on program design characteristics as long as they met our broad definition of a placed-based scholarship. Data Collection and Analysis Each study was coded for its study design, the characteristics of the Promise Program analyzed (i.e. first-dollar, last-dollar, grade level, and geographical location), the evaluation designs (methods and statistical techniques), and effect sizes, including standard deviation and the number of observations. We systematically analyzed our results of three separate outcomes: K-12 Outcomes, Postsecondary Outcomes, and Community Development Outcomes. Main Results We find positive effects of Promise Programs on community development, K-12 academic outcomes, and postsecondary outcomes. The evidence is suggestive that all program designs

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Section: Search Results and Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Promises Fulfilled? A Systematic Review of the Impacts of Promise Programs

et al. 2016

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“…Earlier research has shown that the Kalamazoo Promise increased the school district's enrollment by about 30% compared to what it otherwise would be (Bartik et al, 2010), with about one-quarter of this increased enrollment from outside the state (Hershbein, 2013). Although no detectable impact of the Promise on housing prices has been found in Kalamazoo, broader studies of Promise-style programs have found them to increase housing prices by 6-12% (LeGower & Walsh, 2014) and to reduce out-migration so as to increase a local area's population by about 1.7% within a few years (Bartik & Sotherland, 2016). Simulations by Hershbein (2013) suggest that the immediate migration effects of the Kalamazoo Promise might be sufficient to raise gross regional product by 0.7%…”

Section: Local Benefits Of the Kalamazoo Promisementioning

confidence: 99%

The Merits of Universal Scholarships: Benefit-Cost Evidence from the Kalamazoo Promise

Bartik¹,

Hershbein²,

Lachowska³

2016

J. Benefit Cost Anal.

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As higher education costs rise, many communities have begun to adopt their own financial aid strategy: place-based scholarships for students graduating from the local school district. In this paper, we examine the benefits and costs of the Kalamazoo Promise, one of the more universal and more generous place-based scholarships. Building upon estimates of the program's heterogeneous effects on degree attainment, scholarship cost data, and projections of future earnings by education, we examine the Promise's benefit-cost ratios for students differentiated by income, race, and gender. Although the average rate of return of the program is 11%, rates of return vary greatly by group. The Promise has high returns for both low-income and non-low-income groups, for non-Whites, and for women, while benefit assumptions matter more for Whites and men. Our results show that universal scholarships can reach many students and have a high rate of return, particularly for places with a high percentage of African American students. They also highlight the importance of disaggregating benefits and costs by subgroup when performing benefit-cost analysis when the treatment is heterogeneous.

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“…68 Sohn et al (2017). 69 Bartik and Sotherland (2015) rely on data from the American Community Survey to estimate the average effects of these programs.…”

Section: Migration and Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… See Andrews, DesJardins, and Ranchhod (2010);Ash and Ritter (2014);Bartik, Eberts, and Huang (2010);Bartik and Sotherland (2015);Page et al (2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

Promise Scholarship Programs and Local Prosperity

Miller-Adams¹,

Smith²

2018

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We argue that place-based college scholarships, if designed intentionally and leveraged effectively, can foster local economic development. Since the introduction of the Kalamazoo Promise in 2005, a growing number of communities have applied the place-based approach to investments in human capital through the creation of college scholarship programs. Reviewing the existing literature on educational and economic outcomes associated with Promise programs reveals that they can expand students' postsecondary aspirations, improve a school district's college-going culture, and increase college enrollment and degree attainment while promoting inmigration of residents and positive growth in housing prices. Therefore, these programs can serve a broader communal interest, benefiting both individuals (e.g., through higher earnings) and their localities. We conclude this report by outlining observations for city leaders and local policymakers that can be distilled into lessons concerning the civic engagement and economic vitality of a community, the attainment of equity in student outcomes, and the scale and sustainability of a program's design. We hope the evidence presented in this report will aid in the design, adoption, and scaling of programs that harness community assets and respond to community needs.

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Migration and Housing Price Effects of Place-Based College Scholarships

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Promises Fulfilled? A Systematic Review of the Impacts of Promise Programs

Promises Fulfilled? A Systematic Review of the Impacts of Promise Programs

The Merits of Universal Scholarships: Benefit-Cost Evidence from the Kalamazoo Promise

Promise Scholarship Programs and Local Prosperity

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