Migration from polyamide ‘microwave and roasting bags’ into roast chicken

Abstract

Migration of non-volatile and volatile compounds from 'microwave and roasting bags' (MRB), made of Nylon 6,6 (and some Nylon 6), into chicken meat, skin, and juices during roasting (200 degrees C/2 h) in a conventional oven was determined. For measurement of migration of non-volatile compounds, cooked chicken was freeze-dried, extracted with methanol after addition of 2-azacyclononane (internal standard) and the extract cleaned-up using liquid-solid adsorption chromatography (silica gel). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the reverse phase mode using a linear gradient of methanol in water was used to quantify seven Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,6 cyclic monomers and oligomers of molecular mass up to 678 daltons. Migration into chicken was 7.48 micrograms/g (8.26 mg/bag; 3.94 micrograms/cm2), 16% of the total non-volatile compounds contained in the MRB material. Individual migrants were also quantified. Migration of one volatile compound, 2-cyclopentyl cyclopentanone, into the roast chicken parts was measured. Extraction with diethyl ether, using a modified Likens-Nickerson system of concurrent steam distillation-solvent extraction with an internal standard (cyclohexanone) was performed for 10 h. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the selected ion mode (SIM) was used for quantification. An average of 14.0 (+/- 4.36) micrograms/bag (or micrograms/chicken) migrated, being 0.08% of the total 2-cyclopentyl cyclopentanone present in MRB. Loss of volatile compounds to the atmosphere is believed to have occurred since there was another, more volatile compound (cyclopentanone), present in MRB, at levels higher than 2-cyclopentyl cyclopentanone, but this was not detected in roast chicken. In general, the transference of MRB components into roast chicken can be considered not to present a hazard.

Migração de β-caprolactama de embalagens contendo poliamida 6 para simulante ácido acético 3% e validação do método analítico

“…Migração de -caprolactama de embalagens Uma variedade de métodos cromatográficos tem sido utilizada na determinação de -caprolactama e seus oligômeros no próprio polímero, em simulantes de alimentos e em alimentos: cromatografia gasosa com detector de ionização de chama (CG/ DIC) 8,13,22 , cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência usando detector de ultravioleta (CLAE/UV) [2][3][4]7,15,28 , cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG/EM) 13,30 e cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CLAE/EM) 2,28 . A CG/DIC é amplamente utilizada em ensaios de migração por detectar a -caprolactama em níveis de traços, enquanto a CLAE/UV tem sido muito empregada quando o objetivo é a análise da -caprolactama e seus oligômeros.…”

Modelling of simultaneous two-sided migration into water and olive oil from nylon food packaging

“…In order to show compliance with EU legislation, specific migration into water and olive oil, the official fatty food simulant, has to be evaluated. Typical migration testing conditions are 2 h at 100 C. While previous research has always focussed on the migration of monomers into either water or fatty food simulants [2,3,4,5,6], during practical applications, the film will be exposed to hot water and fatty food simultaneously. The idea behind our investigations was therefore to find a way to simultaneously test specific migration into two totally different food simulants at either side of a food packaging material.…”

Potential Migration of ε-Caprolactam to Water and Wine as Affected by Transportation and Storage

“…All have identified ε-caprolactam as a principal migrant when Nylon 6 plastic materials have been used to seal, store or cook commodities (Bradley et al, 2004). Due to high cooking temperatures, monomers of Nylon and other constituents of the plastic packaging have been found to migrate to water or the packaged food, and the duration of heating has been positively correlated with ε-caprolactam migration (Gramshaw et al, 1998;Lawson et al, 1996;Sarbach et al, 1996). Results also indicate that solvent type and heating method can affect ε-caprolactam migration.…”

“…It has been common to test bags or pouches for plastics migration directly into foodstuffs or the aqueous solutions surrounding the foods. It was found that heat caused the migration of plastic components into both the food and surrounding solution (Gramshaw et al, 1998;Lawson et al, 1996;Sarbach et al, 1996).…”

“…The migration of ε-caprolactam to olive oil occurred only with the PA film but levels were well below that of the other food simulants (1.5 -3.8 mg/kg of solvent). Gramshaw et al (1998) Mathematical models can estimate the potential migration of contaminates to food simulants. used a migration cell to study the movement of contaminates to water or olive oil.…”