Migration in the African Armyworm Spodoptera exempta: Genetic Determination of Migratory Capacity and a New Synthesis

Gatehouse, A. G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71155-8_9

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Two data points do not yield a trend, but the results from Oncopeltus and Tribolium at least encourage further comparisons. Observations of a genetic basis to migration, plus accompanying phenotypic evidence of syndromes involving migration and life history in some important agricultural pests such as grasshoppers (McAnelly, 1985;Rankin et al, 1986) and armyworm moths (Parker and Gatehouse, 1985;Gatehouse, 1986) should provide additional impetus for comparative analysis ofgenetic covariance relationships.…”

Section: Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

RESPONSES TO SELECTION AMONG LIFE‐HISTORY TRAITS IN A NONMIGRATORY POPULATION OF MILKWEED BUGS ( ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS )

1988

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Abstract. -Genetic parameters were assessed in the nonmigratory Puerto Rico population of the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, and compared with parameters estimated in a migratory population from Iowa (Palmer and Dingle, 1986). Offspring-parent regression analysis provided initial estimates of heritabilities and phenotypic and genetic correlations among wing length, headcapsule width, female age at first reproduction, fecundity for the first and second five days of reproduction by females, and clutch size for the first and second five days of reproduction by females. Replicated bidirectional selection for wing length was then imposed, with a direct response to selection revealing substantial additive genetic variance for this trait, as was also the case with the Iowa population. Assays for correlated response to selection yielded two further similarities to Iowa: a positive response in head-capsule width and no consistent response in age at first reproduction. In contrast to the results with Iowa bugs, neither regression analysis nor selection revealed statistically significant genetic correlations between fecundity measures and those of other traits. In both populations the potential exists for body-size characters to evolve together independently ofage at first reproduction; but in the nonmigratory Puerto Rico bugs, fecundity does not contribute to a life-history syndrome involving genetic correlations among these traits.

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Section: Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

RESPONSES TO SELECTION AMONG LIFE‐HISTORY TRAITS IN A NONMIGRATORY POPULATION OF MILKWEED BUGS ( ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS )

1988

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“…If individuals that breed in the current habitat have lower reproductive success on average than those that disperse to breed elsewhere, then dispersal or migration from the current habitat is always favoured, regardless of its present state (Southwood, 1977;Gatehouse, 1986). Moreover, if long-term average reproductive success is independent of distance travelled, then variation in dispersal ability will be favoured and a genetic polymorphism in dispersal/migratory potential may result (Southwood, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, if long-term average reproductive success is independent of distance travelled, then variation in dispersal ability will be favoured and a genetic polymorphism in dispersal/migratory potential may result (Southwood, 1977). Parker & Gatehouse (1985;Gatehouse, 1986) have suggested that such genetic variation in migratory potential can be expected in populations of the African armyworm moth (Spodoptera exempta) due to the seasonal pattern of rains in eastern Africa and because successive generations in the same habitat are limited by over-exploitation and disease when densities are high (e.g. Brown & Swaine, 1965;Blair, 1972;B.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration and genetics of pre-reproductive period in the moth, Spodoptera exempta (African armyworm)

Wilson

Gatehouse

1992

Heredity

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Migration in insects occurs predominantly, or exclusively, in sexually immature adults. Therefore, the duration of the pre-reproductive period (PRP) sets an upper limit on an individual's migratory potential and has been measured by a number of authors interested in insect migration. Significant differences in PRP between field populations of the African armyworm moth Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are suggestive of a genetic basis to PRP regulation. The present study examines the genetics of PRP in more detail using selection and sib-analysis experiments. Both sets of experiments suggest a strong genetic component to PRP regulation in female moths, but little or none in males. Moreover, the sib-analysis experiments indicate that the X-chromosome has a disproportionate influence on PRP in females (the heterogametic sex in Lepidoptera). These results are discussed in relation to the migration biology of this species.

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“…Larval crowding (Sappington and Showers, 1992a), a short period of larval starvation, and adult diet-stress (Sappington and Showers, 1993) have slightly negative influences on flight performance. It is possible that part of the observed variation in A. ipsilon flight behavior is genetic, as previously shown for the noctuid Spodoptava exernpta (Walker) (Parker and Gatehouse, 1985;Gatehouse, 1986Gatehouse, , 1989. Differences in flight behavior of A. ipsilon could be associated with underlying physiological differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Lipid and carbohydrate utilization during flight of the migratory moth, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Sappington

Fescemyer

Showers

1995

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Male black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) moths, were attached to laboratory flight mills on the third night after emergence. individuals were classified according to their longest uninterrupted flight during the night. There were not enough non-fliers or trivial fliers (flight < 1 h) to make meaningful comparisons, so only short-fliers (flight 2 1 h but < 5 h) and long-fliers (flights 2 5 h) were further tested. After a day of rest, short-and long-fliers were tethered to a stationary pin and forced to fly 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, or 180 min, after which hemolymph was sampled and lipid and carbohydrate concentrations determined. Concentrations in samples taken at intervals after cessation of a 60-min flight indicated that both energy sources were being utilized during flight. Neck-ligation experiments indicated that a handling-induced hyperlipemic response occurs 15 min after the beginning of the sampling procedure, and that the hormone triggering does not come from the head. Resting concentration of lipid in long-fliers is about half that of short-fliers, but it increases threefold in the first 20 min of flight, whereas that of short-fliers remains unchanged.In-flight lipid concentration i n controls, which experienced their first and only flight on day 5, was greater than the concentration i n both short-and longfliers. Between 10 and 20 min, carbohydrate concentrations decrease about twofold in long-fliers but drop only slightly i n short-fliers. These data suggest Acknowledgments: We thank Delores Gunnarson, Jean Dyer, and James Lydon for their essential assistance in rearing and handling moths used in this study, and Nancy Pollock for word processing A considerable portion of the funding for this study came from Grant NCR-PT- that long-fliers may have a lower basal metabolic rate and depend more on carbohydrate when at rest than short-fliers, and that long-fliers may utilize more carbohydrate than lipid during the initial period of flight. In addition, previous flight on the flight mills has a greater influence on lipid mobilization and usage in short-fliers than it does on long-fliers. Patterns of lipid mobilization during flight seem to differ between migrant and non-migrant species and to vary among migrants depending on the flight strategy used, but there are no major differences in patterns of carbohydrate usage. Q 1995 WiIey-Liss, Inc.

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Migration in the African Armyworm Spodoptera exempta: Genetic Determination of Migratory Capacity and a New Synthesis

Cited by 35 publications

References 48 publications

RESPONSES TO SELECTION AMONG LIFE‐HISTORY TRAITS IN A NONMIGRATORY POPULATION OF MILKWEED BUGS ( ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS )

RESPONSES TO SELECTION AMONG LIFE‐HISTORY TRAITS IN A NONMIGRATORY POPULATION OF MILKWEED BUGS ( ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS )

Migration and genetics of pre-reproductive period in the moth, Spodoptera exempta (African armyworm)

Lipid and carbohydrate utilization during flight of the migratory moth, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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