Migration of Alder Flycatchers (<i>Empidonax alnorum</i>) and Willow Flycatchers (<i>Empidonax traillii</i>) through the Tuxtla Mountains, Veracruz, Mexico, and the Identification of Migrant Flycatchers in Collections

Novitch, Nancy R.; Westberg, Michael; Zink, Robert M.

doi:10.1676/13-222.1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Because of their non-4 Corresponding author. Email: ewalters@odu.edu descript plumage, these flycatchers are difficult to identify visually (Phillips et al 1966, Johnson and Cicero 2002, Novitch et al 2015. Of the 15 Empidonax species found in North America, many have ranges that overlap.…”

Section: Abstract: Barcoding Bold Empidonax Affinis Empidonax Obementioning

confidence: 99%

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Overcoming challenges to morphological and molecular identification of Empidonax flycatchers: a case study with a Dusky Flycatcher

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT. Flycatchers in the genus Empidonax are among the most difficult avian taxonomic groups to identify to species. Observers often rely on calls or songs in the field or detailed morphometrics in the hand to identify species. In January and February 2013, we twice captured an Empidonax flycatcher at the Virginia Zoo in Norfolk, Virginia. After being unable to identify the flycatcher to species level using morphometrics and photographs, we extracted DNA from two tail feathers collected during the second encounter to identify the individual genetically.Comparison of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) with reference sequences in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) suggested that the specimen had a >99.8% probability of placement as a Dusky Flycatcher (Empidonax oberholseri). Additional comparisons of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) to reference sequences in GenBank, however, suggested that the specimen was a Pine Flycatcher (Empidonax affinis), a species not represented in BOLD and confined geographically to a small area in Mexico and Guatemala. After analyzing both COI and ND2 from additional vouchered specimens, the bird caught in Virginia was determined to be a Dusky Flycatcher. We also suspect that some of the sequences in GenBank might derive from incorrectly identified specimens or otherwise could represent overlooked pseudogenes. Because the putative identification, based on GenBank sequences, would have represented the first record of Pine Flycatcher from the United States, our results reinforce the need for carefully vetted and taxonomically comprehensive molecular databases to allow definitive conclusions about sample identity. Further molecular phylogeographic review of this genus is warranted to resolve haplotype ambiguities.RESUMEN. Retos sobre la identificación morfológica y molecular de papamoscas del genero Empidonax: un caso de estudio con Empidonax oberholseri Los papamoscas Empidonax se encuentran entre el grupo de aves más difíciles de identificar taxonómicamente a nivel de especies. Para identificar estos pájaros, los observadores dependen, particularmente, del canto o de las llamadas o de detalles que se pueden observar cuando tienen el ave en la mano En enero y febrero del 2013, en dos ocasiones capturamos un Empidonax en el Zoológico de Virginia, Virginia. No pudimos identificar la especie utilizando fotografías o rasgos morfométricos y a tales efectos extrajimos ADN de dos de las plumas del rabo, para tratar de identificar el segundo individuo genéticamente. La comparación de la oxidasa c citocromica I (COI), con la referencia secuencial en la base de datos del "Código de Barras de la Vida" (BOLD) sugirió que el espécimen tenía >99.8% de probabilidad de ser un Empidonax oberholseri. No obstante, una comparación de NADH dehidrogenasa, subunidad 2 (ND2) del Banco Genético (GenBank) sugería que el ave era Empidonax affinis, una especie que no estaba representada en BOLD y geográficamente confinada a unárea pequeña de México y Guatemala. Luego de analizar el COI y el ND2 de especímenes adicio...

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Section: Abstract: Barcoding Bold Empidonax Affinis Empidonax Obementioning

confidence: 99%

“…, Johnson and Cicero , Novitch et al. ). Of the 15 Empidonax species found in North America, many have ranges that overlap.…”

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Overcoming challenges to morphological and molecular identification of Empidonax flycatchers: a case study with a Dusky Flycatcher

et al. 2016

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Species Identification of Vagrant Empidonax Flycatchers in Northeastern North America Via Non-Invasive DNA Sequencing

Goldberg

Mason

2017

Northeastern Naturalist

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Ecology and Behavior of Alder Flycatchers (Empidonax alnorum) On Their Wintering Grounds In Argentina

Areta¹,

Mangini²,

Gandoy³

et al. 2016

The Wilson Journal of Ornithology

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Migration of Alder Flycatchers (Empidonax alnorum) and Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii) through the Tuxtla Mountains, Veracruz, Mexico, and the Identification of Migrant Flycatchers in Collections

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Overcoming challenges to morphological and molecular identification of Empidonax flycatchers: a case study with a Dusky Flycatcher

Overcoming challenges to morphological and molecular identification of Empidonax flycatchers: a case study with a Dusky Flycatcher

Species Identification of Vagrant Empidonax Flycatchers in Northeastern North America Via Non-Invasive DNA Sequencing

Ecology and Behavior of Alder Flycatchers (Empidonax alnorum) On Their Wintering Grounds In Argentina

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