Migration of the Palaeozoic magmatic front from Zagros to Alborz mountains with progressive closure of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean; Insights from Zagros detrital zircon U Pb age and Hf isotopic composition

Mohammadi, Ali; Kaveh‐Firouz, Amaneh; Cai, Fulong; Dolati, Asghar; Lom, Nalan; Şengör, A. M. Celâl

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2023.229729

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…The southern and median zones of our study area are located in the NNW part of Iranian Plateau, which is composed of the Sanandaj‐Sirjan and Central Iran zones (Figure 1). In fact, the Sanandaj‐Sirjan, the‐Central Iran as a continental fragment was separated from Gondwana during the Permian with the opening of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean (e.g., Stampfli, 2000; Stöcklin, 1968), and the Sanandaj‐Sirjan zone split from Central Iran in the Jurassic (Mohammadi et al., 2023; Şengör, 1990). Lithologically, the low relief (between ∼10 and ∼1,000 m elevation; Figure 1) southern and the higher relief (∼10 to ∼1,200 m a.s.l.)…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonics, Base‐Level Fluctuations, and Climate Impact on the Eocene to Present‐Day Erosional Pattern of the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone (NNW Iranian Plateau and West Alborz Mountains)

et al. 2023

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The NNW Iranian Plateau and west Alborz within the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone are characterized by three main tectono‐stratigraphic zones, crosscut by the Qezel‐Owzan River (QOR) Basin. The interplay between present‐day deformation and climate, which control the landscape evolution of the region, is still poorly constrained. We addressed this gap by measuring millennial‐scale erosion rates from 10Be‐concentration in the QOR sands along with topographic/climatic metrics analyses. Results reveal low erosion rates in the Plateau and relatively high in the west Alborz. The regional consistency of topographic parameters with geomorphology suggests that they control sediment fluxes in the Plateau, while the surface uplift, active thrust‐faulting, and shallow crustal seismicity in the west Alborz are the main controlling factors. Climate has a secondary role on erosion rates. Furthermore, we calculated exhumation rates from published thermochronometric AFT/AHe ages to determine their relationship with 10Be short‐term data. Results imply that the exhumation rates increased slightly in the Plateau and west Alborz from ∼26 to ∼10 Ma, simultaneous with hard collision processes between the Arabia‐Eurasia. This trend accelerated from ∼10 to ∼2.8 Ma due to the isolation of the Caspian Sea and extreme base‐level fall. From ∼2.8 to ∼2 Ma, base‐level rise occurred under climate influence, and erosion rates decreased. Millennial‐scale data show the erosion rate decreased from ∼2 Ma to the Present‐day, which is attributed to the change in deformation style and fault kinematics from fold/thrusting to mainly strike‐slip faulting. The significantly lower erosion rates in the Plateau compared to west Alborz suggest a relatively stable plateau surface.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonics, Base‐Level Fluctuations, and Climate Impact on the Eocene to Present‐Day Erosional Pattern of the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone (NNW Iranian Plateau and West Alborz Mountains)

et al. 2023

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“…The TIP is composed of Precambrian continental fragments, Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary sedimentary sequences and ophiolites in the west, and a cover of Cenozoic-Quaternary volcanic rocks and Plio-Quaternary sediments in both west and east (e.g., Allen et al, 2013;Keskin et al, 2006;Kheirkhah et al, 2009;Mohammadi et al, 2020Mohammadi et al, , 2022Mohammadi et al, , 2023Şengör, 1990).…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape evolution in orogenic plateaus: Insights from quantitative morphotectonic analysis of the Turkish–Iranian Plateau and Caucasus regions

Kaveh‐Firouz,

Burg,

Giachetta

2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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To investigate the recent landscape evolution of the orogenic Turkish–Iranian Plateau (TIP) and the Lesser/Greater Caucasus ranges, we perform a quantitative analysis of topography and drainage networks at a regional scale. This analysis focuses on climatic–topographic swath profiles, local relief distribution, longitudinal river profiles, normalized channel steepness index (ksn), paleo‐river profile, and chi analysis (χ). In general, we find that the evolution of topographic relief and river networks are locally controlled by Late Cenozoic volcanism, contrasts in rock strength, and neotectonic activity along regional tectonic structures. However, our results show that the influence of these factors on the landscape evolution of the Greater Caucasus is significantly different from the Lesser Caucasus and TIP. This study shows that a combination of enhanced aridity, rapid uplift of orographic barriers along the TIP margins, and exposure of resistant rock types associated with the regional volcanic activity resulted in low‐relief plateau and the Lesser Caucasus surfaces that are preserved in the upper/middle Kura–Arax and Qezel‐Owzan river catchments. High local relief in the flanks of the Greater Caucasus and west Alborz, downstream increase in channel steepness, and perturbations in the χ plots of the three main rivers indicate that the topography is in a transient state.We reconstruct the paleo‐river profiles from the relict section of the upper Kura–Arax and Qezel‐Owzan rivers and show that the last drastic fall of the Caspian base‐level, which occurred during the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene, can explain the incision of ~500–1000 m gorges (i.e., Amardos) below major knickpoints. Furthermore, local cross‐divide differences of the χ parameter reveal that disequilibrium in the plan‐form geometry of the drainage networks, attributed to the upstream migration of the regional knickpoints towards the plateau interior and integration of plateau areas into the external fluvial system.

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“…Lithostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic, sedimentological, and petrological data of foreland basin deposits provide invaluable information for understanding the tectonic evolution of adjacent mountain ranges (e.g., Carrapa et al., 2016; Chapman et al., 2020). For example, variations in detrital petrography allows drawing conclusions about the exhumation of sedimentary and basement terrains in the hinterland (Etemad‐Saeed et al., 2020; Schlunegger et al., 1998) and transitions in sedimentary provenance (DeCelles et al., 2004; Mohammadi, Kaveh‐Firouz, et al., 2023). Additionally, low‐temperature geochronology on detrital zircons and apatites in foreland deposits can provide insights into the exhumation paths of internal tectonic units that were exposed in the past (Najman et al., 2005; Spiegel et al., 2000; van der Beek et al., 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectono‐Sedimentary Evolution of Shale‐Related Minibasins in the Karvandar Basin (South Sistan, SE Iran): Insights From Magnetostratigraphy, Isotopic Dating, and Sandstone Petrology

Ruh,

Valero,

Najafi

et al. 2023

Tectonics

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Sediments deposited into foreland basins can provide valuable insights related to the geological evolution of their hinterlands. Located in the peripheral foreland of the South Sistan Suture Zone (SE Iran), the Karvandar Basin exhibits a several‐kilometer‐thick shallow‐marine to continental clastic sedimentary sequence forming elongated sub‐circular synclines. These synclines overlie a mud‐dominated formation with exotic volcanic blocks that hosts one of Iran's largest mud volcano, known as Pirgel. In this study, we present a ∼3.5‐km‐thick magnetostratigraphic section and U‐Pb zircon ages of interlayered tuffs that constrain a depositional age of the Karvandar Basin of ∼24–17 Ma. Sandstone and microconglomerate framework analyses and paleocurrent directions suggest a first‐cycle active volcanic arc source to the northeast of the basin. We interpret the mud‐dominated lithology with volcanic blocks as an olistostrome originating from a similar source as the overlying clastic sequence. The deposition of the olistostrome is dated at ∼24.5 Ma by a U‐Pb calcite age from a coral block. The absence of large‐scale anticlines and the occurrence of angular unconformities suggest that the sub‐circular synclines in the Karvandar Basin formed by gravity‐driven downbuilding into the unconsolidated fluid‐saturated olistostrome, resembling salt‐related minibasins. Integrated results indicate that a late Oligocene to early Miocene Makran volcanic arc represents the source of the clastic sequence. Hence, our results provide new constraints on the initiation of arc volcanism related to the Makran subduction zone, predating earliest reported ages from the Mirabad pluton (19 Ma) to the northeast of the Karvandar Basin by ∼5 Myr.

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Migration of the Palaeozoic magmatic front from Zagros to Alborz mountains with progressive closure of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean; Insights from Zagros detrital zircon U Pb age and Hf isotopic composition

Cited by 7 publications

References 102 publications

Tectonics, Base‐Level Fluctuations, and Climate Impact on the Eocene to Present‐Day Erosional Pattern of the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone (NNW Iranian Plateau and West Alborz Mountains)

Tectonics, Base‐Level Fluctuations, and Climate Impact on the Eocene to Present‐Day Erosional Pattern of the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone (NNW Iranian Plateau and West Alborz Mountains)

Landscape evolution in orogenic plateaus: Insights from quantitative morphotectonic analysis of the Turkish–Iranian Plateau and Caucasus regions

Tectono‐Sedimentary Evolution of Shale‐Related Minibasins in the Karvandar Basin (South Sistan, SE Iran): Insights From Magnetostratigraphy, Isotopic Dating, and Sandstone Petrology

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