Migratory and invasive behavior of pigment cells in normal and animalized sea urchin embryos

Gibson, Allan W.; Burke, Robert D.

doi:10.1016/0014-4827(87)90294-1

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The morphology and behavior of pigment cells are, to some extent, similar to that of macrophages. Pigment cells have a stellate shape with 2-3 pseudopodia, which can be rapidly extended and contracted, and they have the ability to migrate within the larval epithelium and the basal lamina (Gibson and Burke, 1987). Nevertheless, a direct involvement of pigment cells in the immuno-defense of the larva has yet to be shown.…”

Section: Functionality Of Animal (Non-fas) Pkssmentioning

confidence: 98%

A novel group of type I polyketide synthases (PKS) in animals and the complex phylogenomics of PKSs

Castoe

Stephens

Noonan

et al. 2007

Gene

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Section: Functionality Of Animal (Non-fas) Pkssmentioning

confidence: 98%

A novel group of type I polyketide synthases (PKS) in animals and the complex phylogenomics of PKSs

Castoe

Stephens

Noonan

et al. 2007

Gene

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“…Furthermore, the migratory behavior of pigment cells is quite different from that in other echinoids (Kominami et al 2001) in which, generally, pigment cells appear at the archenteron tip during primary or secondary invagination, enter the apical plate, and then migrate in the ectoderm towards the vegetal pole side (Gibson & Burke 1985, 1987. In contrast, in S. mirabilis, pigment cells are first noticed at the center of the vegetal plate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Process of pigment cell specification in the sand dollar, Scaphechinus mirabilis

Kominami

Takata

2002

Dev Growth Differ

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The process of pigment cell specification in the sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis was examined by manipulative methods. In half embryos, which were formed by dissociating embryos at the 2-cell stage, the number of pigment cells was significantly greater than half the number of pigment cells observed in control embryos. This relative increase might have been brought about by the change in the arrangement of blastomeres surrounding the micromere progeny. To examine whether such an increase could be induced at a later stage, embryos were bisected with a glass needle. When embryos were bisected before 7 h postfertilization, the sum of pigment cells observed in a pair of embryo fragments was greater than that in control embryos. This relative increase was not seen when embryos were bisected after 7 h postfertilization. From the size of blastomeres, it became clear that the 9th cleavage was completed by 7 h postfertilization. Aphidicolin treatment revealed that 10-15 pigment founder cells were formed. The results obtained suggest that the pigment founder cells were specified through direct cell contact with micromere progeny after the 9th cleavage, and that most of the founder cells had divided three times before they differentiated into pigment cells.

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“…3D). By the prism stage, pigment cells extend motile pseudopodia (Gibson and Burke, 1987;Gustafson and Wolpert, 1967), and C5a is localized both intracellularly and along the plasma membrane of these projections (Fig. 3D).…”

Section: C5a Is Expressed In Pigment Cell Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABCC5 is required for cAMP-mediated hindgut invagination in sea urchin embryos

et al. 2015

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ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are evolutionarily conserved proteins that pump diverse substrates across membranes. Many are known to efflux signaling molecules and are extensively expressed during development. However, the role of transporters in moving extracellular signals that regulate embryogenesis is largely unexplored. Here, we show that a mesodermal ABCC (MRP) transporter is necessary for endodermal gut morphogenesis in sea urchin embryos. This transporter, Sp-ABCC5a (C5a), is expressed in pigment cells and their precursors, which are a subset of the non-skeletogenic mesoderm (NSM) cells. C5a expression depends on Delta/Notch signaling from skeletogenic mesoderm and is downstream of Gcm in the aboral NSM gene regulatory network. Long-term imaging of development reveals that C5a knockdown embryos gastrulate, but ∼90% develop a prolapse of the hindgut by the late prism stage (∼8 h after C5a protein expression normally peaks). Since C5a orthologs efflux cyclic nucleotides, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (Sp-CAPK/PKA) is expressed in pigment cells, we examined whether C5a could be involved in gastrulation through cAMP transport. Consistent with this hypothesis, membrane-permeable pCPT-cAMP rescues the prolapse phenotype in C5a knockdown embryos, and causes archenteron hyper-invagination in control embryos. In addition, the cAMP-producing enzyme soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is expressed in pigment cells, and its inhibition impairs gastrulation. Together, our data support a model in which C5a transports sAC-derived cAMP from pigment cells to control late invagination of the hindgut. Little is known about the ancestral functions of ABCC5/MRP5 transporters, and this study reveals a novel role for these proteins in mesoderm-endoderm signaling during embryogenesis.

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Migratory and invasive behavior of pigment cells in normal and animalized sea urchin embryos

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

A novel group of type I polyketide synthases (PKS) in animals and the complex phylogenomics of PKSs

A novel group of type I polyketide synthases (PKS) in animals and the complex phylogenomics of PKSs

Process of pigment cell specification in the sand dollar, Scaphechinus mirabilis

ABCC5 is required for cAMP-mediated hindgut invagination in sea urchin embryos

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