Migratory salmonids as vectors of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus between marine and freshwater environments in north-east England

Lyle, A. A.; Elliott, J. M.

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00031-x

Cited by 39 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…§ Cite Lyle and Elliott (1998) and Talbot et al (1986) but the authors did not clarify the numbers used. } Unpublished dissertation with restricted access.…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Juvenile Atlantic salmon spend 2-8 years feeding and growing in their natal watersheds prior to migration as smolts, which may also influence patterns in the magnitude and direction of nutrient transport across species. To date, however, nearly all iteroparous anadromous fishes have been found to be net nutrient sources to their rearing watersheds (see Lyle andElliott 1998, Jonsson andJonsson 2003a for Atlantic salmon, Moore et al 2011 for steelhead trout, West et al 2010 for alewives).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atlantic salmon nutrient flux estimates have relied on body composition values measured over 30 years ago. Separate investigations quantified (Lyle andElliott 1998, Jonsson andJonsson 2003a) or modelled (Nislow et al 2004) nutrient transport via Atlantic salmon using percent carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (P) values from unpublished data collected in the late 1970s and mentioned in an article on brown trout (Salmo trutta) body composition (see Elliott 1976). Nutrient transport by Pacific salmon species, including one iteroparous species (Moore et al 2011), was quantified using whole body %P of sockeye salmon collected from Iliamna Lake, Alaska, USA, and published in a 1967 doctoral thesis (see Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnitude of variation in %P within salmonid species in the wild is unknown. In addition, studies focused on iteroparous salmonids explicitly assume that kelts exiting the river have a wet weight nutrient content equal to that of incoming spawning adults (Lyle andElliott 1998, Moore et al 2011), but measurements of artificially reared Atlantic salmon show clear changes in %P during this portion of their life cycle (Shearer et al 1994). Whether the two previously held assumptions regarding spatial variability and ontogenetic equivalency of %P are correct has not been explicitly tested, nor do we understand how our nutrient flux estimates respond when these assumptions are violated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, we quantified whole body %P of three life stages of Atlantic salmon from three populations inhabiting rivers of insular Newfoundland, Canada, to assess whether ontogeny and population can explain intraspecific variation in wild Atlantic salmon %P. We expected adult %P to be equal to kelt %P as assumed previously (Lyle and Elliott 1998) and both stages to have lower %P than smolt as previously shown (Shearer et al 1994). Second, we examined the sensitivity of flux estimates to (1) variation in %P among populations and (2) the assumption that %P of kelt and spawning adults are equal (see Lyle and Elliott 1998, Jonsson and Jonsson 2003a, Moore et al 2011 to test the hypothesis that small differences between assumed and measured %P values compound to influence ecosystem flux estimates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ontogenetic differences in Atlantic salmon phosphorus concentration and its implications for cross ecosystem fluxes

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Nutrient transport across ecosystem boundaries by migratory animals can regulate trophic and biogeochemical dynamics of recipient ecosystems. The magnitude and direction of net nutrient flow between ecosystems is modulated by life history, abundance and biomass, individual behavior, and body element composition of migrating individuals. We tested common assumptions applied to nutrient transport models regarding homeostasis of species' body element composition across space and ontogenetic stage. We quantified whole body phosphorus (P) concentration of three life stages of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) from three distinct populations in Newfoundland, Canada, to evaluate the importance of river of origin and life stage as predictors of salmon %P. We found that life stage was a more important predictor of salmon %P than river of origin, and that %P of post-spawn adults migrating downstream to the ocean (i.e., kelts) was more similar to %P of juveniles migrating downstream to the ocean (i.e., smolts) than it was to %P of adults migrating upstream to spawn. We then compared nutrient flux for the three rivers over a 20-year period calculated with body composition values extracted from existing literature and our direct measurements to evaluate how assumptions regarding spatial and ontogenetic homogeneity in salmon %P influenced the observed P fluxes. We demonstrate that assuming equality of kelt %P and adult %P results in an overestimate of net nutrient flux to rivers by Atlantic salmon and the erroneous conclusion that Atlantic salmon populations are unconditional sources of nutrients to their natal watersheds. Instead, Newfoundland's salmon populations are conditional sinks of freshwater P, which is the opposite functional role of Pacific salmon. Our results highlight that a better understanding of intraspecific variation in body element composition of fishes is a prerequisite to determining their role in global biogeochemical cycling.

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“…§ Cite Lyle and Elliott (1998) and Talbot et al (1986) but the authors did not clarify the numbers used. } Unpublished dissertation with restricted access.…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ontogenetic differences in Atlantic salmon phosphorus concentration and its implications for cross ecosystem fluxes

et al. 2015

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Selecting Appropriate Stream and Watershed Restoration Techniques

Roni

Pess

Hanson

et al. 2012

Stream and Watershed Restoration

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Nutrient Restoration Using Atlantic Salmon Carcasses as a Component of Habitat Management in Scottish Highland Streams

et al. 2010

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It has long been known that an excess of nutrients can degrade freshwater ecosystems and fish habitat. However, in some situations human activities can reduce nutrients below natural levels and negatively affect fish production. Nutrient restoration or augmentation may therefore be required for effective habitat management. In this study, we restored nutrients in the form of adult Atlantic salmon carcasses to streams in the Conon river system in northeastern Scotland. We monitored colonisation of the carcasses by aquatic macroinvertebrates, assessed incorporation of carcass-derived nutrients into aquatic food webs and compared invertebrate abundance (IA) in carcass-addition and reference sites. The isotopic signatures of periphyton, macroinvertebrates and juvenile salmon were all enriched after carcass addition, indicating incorporation of marine-derived nutrients. Atlantic salmon carcasses were rapidly and intensively colonised by a wide range of macroinvertebrates, some of which were found on carcasses nearly exclusively. Larval blackflies (Simuliidae) were the most abundant colonists in early samples. By late May and June, when carcasses were in an advanced state of decomposition (<20% of initial mass), larval chironomid (non-biting) midges, which appeared to use carcasses largely as a food source, were the dominant invertebrates. In the multiple-stream study, carcass-addition sections had significantly higher total invertebrate biomass than reference sections. Incorporation of marine-derived nutrients by all major food web components, extensive invertebrate colonisation of Atlantic salmon carcasses and increased IA suggest that nutrient restoration may be an important part of habitat management, and may partly be accomplished by ensuring the availability of marine-derived nutrients from migratory Atlantic salmon. Salmonid Fisheries: Freshwater Habitat Management Paul Kemp

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Migratory salmonids as vectors of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus between marine and freshwater environments in north-east England

Cited by 39 publications

References 11 publications

Ontogenetic differences in Atlantic salmon phosphorus concentration and its implications for cross ecosystem fluxes

Ontogenetic differences in Atlantic salmon phosphorus concentration and its implications for cross ecosystem fluxes

Selecting Appropriate Stream and Watershed Restoration Techniques

Nutrient Restoration Using Atlantic Salmon Carcasses as a Component of Habitat Management in Scottish Highland Streams

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