Mikroelektrodenuntersuchungen zur Konvergenz vestibul�rer und retinaler Afferenzen an einzelnen Neuronen des optischen Cortex der Katze

Oj, Grüsser; Grüsser‐Cornehls, U.

doi:10.1007/bf00583421

Cited by 170 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Connecting the GCM to the orientationally selective properties of single cortical units has the great advantage of providing a neurophysiological and neuroanatomical substrate for the four fundamental relations of the model stated above. However, it is clear that important aspects of the influence of line orientation on VPEL are processed at a level beyond which orientation sensitivity to lines is first expressed in primary visual cortex, V1: Although a substantial percentage of V1 neurons has been reported to be sensitive to vestibular input (Denny & Adorjani, 1972; Grüsser & Grüsser-Cornehls, 1960; Horn, Stechler, & Hill, 1972; Jung, Kornhuber, & Da Fonseca, 1963; Tomko, Barbaro, & Ali, 1981), as would be required for VPEL settings, receptive fields in V1 are no larger than about 3° (Hubel & Wiesel, 1974). On the other hand, the increase of summation of the VPEL influence with line length is exponential with a 15.1° space constant (Figure 14; Li & Matin, 1991c), and summation between two pitched-from-vertical lines horizontally separated by 50.3° is as great as summation of lines laid end to end (Matin & Li, 1989b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visually perceived eye level: Changes induced by a pitched-from-vertical 2-line visual field.

Matin¹,

Li²

1992

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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The physical elevation corresponding to visually perceived eye level (VPEL) changes linearly with the pitch of a visual field. Deviations from true eye level average more than 0.5 times the angle of pitch over a 65 degrees pitch range. A visual field consisting of 2 dim, isolated vertical lines in darkness is more than 4/5 as effective as that of a complexly structured visual field; 2 horizontal lines have a small and inconsistent effect. Differences in influence on VPEL between pitched-from-vertical and horizontal lines were predicted from an analysis that extracted differences in retinal perspective resulting from changes in pitch. The Great Circle Model (GCM), based on a spherical approximation to the erect, stationary eye, predicts the present results and results of 8 other sets of experiments. The model treats the influence of a single line on VPEL as systematically related to the elevation of the intersection between the great circle containing the image of the line and the central vertical retinal meridian; generalized GCM combines visual inputs with inputs from the body-referenced mechanism and maps onto the central nervous system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visually perceived eye level: Changes induced by a pitched-from-vertical 2-line visual field.

Matin¹,

Li²

1992

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…Long-latency (25± 200 ms) responses were observed in visual cortical (area 17) neurons following d.c. polarization of the labyrinth in paralyzed cats (encØphale-isolØ preparation; Grüsser et al 1959;Grüsser and Grüsser-Cornehls 1960).…”

Section: Vestibular Inputs To the Cerebral Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Responses of visual cortical (area 17) neurons to light flashes or moving visual stimuli were influenced by d.c. polarization of the labyrinth in paralyzed cats (encØp-hale-isolØ preparation; Grüsser et al 1959;Grüsser and Grüsser-Cornehls 1960). Using unanesthetized, paralyzed cats, Tomko et al (1981) examined the effects of 45 whole body tilt on receptive field properties of simple visual cortical neurons Wiesel 1959, 1962).…”

Section: Visual Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticovestibular interactions: anatomy, electrophysiology, and functional considerations

Fukushima¹

1997

Exp Brain Res

137

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This review summarizes anatomical and electrophysiological observations related to corticovestibular interactions as a step toward understanding their possible functions. Vestibular information is represented in at least three distinct regions of the cerebral cortex in cats and monkeys: the parietal and somatosensory cortex and the parietoinsular vestibular cortex. In addition, vestibular-related signals are found in more extensive regions, including the motor and premotor regions and frontal eye fields. Most of these regions also project directly to the vestibular nuclei. In monkeys, at least six cortical regions have been identified, including the motor, somatosensory, parietal and temporal areas. Most of these regions receive vestibular projections via the thalamus. Most neurons in those cortical areas respond to head velocity and receive converging vestibular, visual and somatosensory input. Electrical stimulation of some of these cortical areas in anesthetized cats influences the activity of many vestibular nuclear neurons including those projecting to the spinal cord. Lesions of the parietal vestibular regions impair the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and visual suppression of the VOR as well as vestibular-related cognitive functions such as spatial perception and memory in human subjects. Diffuse cortical damage also results in similar impairment of the VOR and suppression of the VOR and possibly the vestibulo-collic reflex. Such impairments after cortical lesions may well be due in part to interruption of cortico-vestibular connections. Future studies in alert animals should focus on the role of different cortical regions projecting to the vestibular nuclei, specifically on how each affects the processing of vestibular signals that mediate vestibulo-motor reflexes and that are used for vestibular related cognitive processes.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…His interest in this area stemmed from his early findings that the electrical polarization of the lateral labyrinth influences the activity of neurons in the cat's primary visual cortex Grüsser and Grüsser-Cornehls 1960). During polarization of the labyrinth, V1 neurons significantly increased their activity while decreasing the threshold to optic stimulations (Grüsser and Grüsser-Cornehls 1960). Grüsser Grüsser had a great interest in the mathematical characterization of his findings and from his early publications ) he compared properties of the retina, lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex in order to find how information is processed in the central nervous system (CNS) of the cat ) and frog (Grüsser and Grüsser-Cornehls 1968) and the efficiency of different codes (Eckhorn et al 1976).…”

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confidence: 99%

Overview of Otto-Joachim Grüsser's work

Przybyszewski

1997

Biological Cybernetics

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Grüsser was born in the small southern German town of Esslingen on 29 May 1932. As a youth it was evident that he had a special talent for excelling in a variety of diverse interests ranging from chemistry to literature. He learned to play the piano and the flute at an early age and also sang in the school choir. As a young boy, he read Goethe as well as the entire Das Kapital of Marx and was an avid chess player, appreciating the calculated risks of any opportunity. It was these unique qualities of his youth on which he built an incredibly successful career in science. His students and colleagues will best remember Grüsser for his unique ability to balance the complexities of his career with the simpler and more enjoyable aspects of life. He often reminded us that the defining criterion for selecting a research project is that it should be both adventurous and speculative. Even his insistence on maintaining an upper hand was done with a sense of humor. Days of exhausting experiments, typically ending at 4 in the morning, would end with an invitation to Grüsser's house for South German bread and wine. Laborious research was always recognized by an annual party hosted by him and his wife where students and colleagues would enjoy the finest German food and music.In the field of science, O.-J. Grüsser will likely be best remembered for his achievements in a variety of scientific disciplines including neurology, ophthalmology, neuroscience, psychiatry, and psychophysics. He received his degree in medicine from the University of Tübingen. He began his Ph.D. work in Freiburg in 1954 in the renowned neurophysiological laboratory of Richard Jung. It was during this time that Grüsser, in conjunction with Günter Baumgartner and Otto Creutzfeldt, established the basis of neurophysiological research in Germany. This initial research produced one of the first recordings in history of single units in the cat cortex. During the next two years he performed experiments in the visual cortex. His publications during this period characteristically showed how his findings related to other structures. He was able to show a strong relation between electrophysiology and psychophysics. Much of his focus during this period of his career was dedicated to time characterization of neural responses by periodic stimulations.His M.D. thesis (Grüsser 1956) and other studies (Grüsser and Creutzfeld 1957) compared critical flicker frequency (CFF) in responses of cortical and retinal neurons. This CFF research of different cortical neurons allowed them to correlate electrophysiological results with the Brücke-Bartley effect. This illusion was initially defined in 1864 after Brücke used psychophysical experiments to show that the sensation of light intensity depends on the rotation speed of the disk divided into black and white fields. This process was more precisely described by Bartley in 1938 as increases in the sensation of light intensity occurring within frequencies of rotations ranging from 8 to 10 Hz and decreases in intensity with rotations...

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Mikroelektrodenuntersuchungen zur Konvergenz vestibul�rer und retinaler Afferenzen an einzelnen Neuronen des optischen Cortex der Katze

Cited by 170 publications

References 20 publications

Visually perceived eye level: Changes induced by a pitched-from-vertical 2-line visual field.

Visually perceived eye level: Changes induced by a pitched-from-vertical 2-line visual field.

Corticovestibular interactions: anatomy, electrophysiology, and functional considerations

Overview of Otto-Joachim Grüsser's work

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