Mikroskopische Studien zur Innervation des Magen-Darmkanales V.

St�hr, Philipp

doi:10.1007/bf00345768

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Ito (1936) as well as Ito and Nagahiro (1937) differentiated three classes of neurons based on their size, and found that the excentricity of nuclei is a frequent non-pathological feature of enteric nerve cells. Small neurons were observed that did not belong to the types of Dogiel (Stöhr 1949(Stöhr , 1952Gunn 1959Gunn , 1968, whereas Fehér and Vajda (1972) distinguished three types purely on the basis of cell-soma size. Based on their staining intensity, enteric neurons were classified by Honjin et al (1959), Michail and Karamanlidis (1967) and Sutherland (1967) into argentophobe and argentophile neurons.…”

Section: Criteria For Classifications Since Dogielmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The most important argument for the proponents of the possibility of a morphological classification became the presence of several long processes in type II neurons and of one long and several short processes in other neurons. The validity of this distinction was sufficient for many authors (Hill 1927;Tiegs 1927;van Esveld 1928;Oshima 1929;Iwanow 1930;Harting 1931;Lawrentjew 1931; Kolossow and Sabussow 1932;Reiser 1932;Murat 1933;Cavazzana and Borsetto 1948;de Biscop 1949;Jabonero 1951Jabonero , 1958Jabonero , 1960Stöhr 1949Stöhr , 1952Greving 1951b;Temesrékási 1955;Kolossow and Milochin 1963) and resulted in "collapsing of the classifications" (Furness and Costa 1987), which furthermore frequently referred to only two types of neurons. The characteristic flat and lamellar shape of the type I dendrites -"lamellenförmig" (Dogiel 1899; "Dendritenlamellen"; Lawrentjew 1929) became a facultative feature for the differentiation of type I neurons.…”

Section: Criteria For Classifications Since Dogielmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Morphological classifications of enteric neurons -- 100 years after Dogiel

Brehmer¹,

Schrödl²,

Neuhuber³

1999

Anatomy and Embryology

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The first differentiation of enteric neurons into three morphological types was done by the russian histologist A. S. Dogiel on the basis of the different shapes and lengths of their dendrites. Although a number of authors considered his results during the following decades, only a division into two types withstood time: type I neurons had one long and several short processes, whereas type II neurons were characterized by several long processes. Some further structural features were discussed but substantial progress was not made until the late 1970s. This stagnation was due to some inaccuracies in Dogiel's descriptions, to the fact that most histologists in this field followed the reticular concept of the nervous system, to the idea that enteric neurons represent no more than a vegetative, postganglionic relay station between the central nervous system and the periphery, and to methodological difficulties. With the application of modern neuroanatomical techniques it was realized that the enteric nervous system contains a considerable number of neuronal subpopulations. The search for morphological correlates of the chemical diversity of enteric neurons was done mainly in the pig and the guinea-pig. In the pig, additional structural features such as axonal projection, distribution of neurons within ganglia, within different plexuses and along the length of the gut, blood supply etc. were included as criteria for further refining neuronal classification. Most of our knowledge about functional features of enteric neurons, e.g. chemical coding, neuronal connectivity, electrophysiological behaviour, was derived from studies in the guinea-pig small intestine. In light of interspecies differences, comparison of findings from different species is mandatory. The search for morphological and functional peculiarities of human enteric neuronal circuitry has to consider all methodological and conceptual advances made within the past 100 years since the pioneering work of Dogiel.

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Section: Criteria For Classifications Since Dogielmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Criteria For Classifications Since Dogielmentioning

confidence: 97%

Morphological classifications of enteric neurons -- 100 years after Dogiel

Brehmer¹,

Schrödl²,

Neuhuber³

1999

Anatomy and Embryology

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“…As far as we are aware, the complete structure and optimal functional capability of the mucosal plexus does not depend on neurons lying within this plexus. The most likely explanation for their, non-obligatory, existence was first mentioned by Stöhr (1949). Neural crest progenitor cells 'destined' for becoming submucosal neurons may have been slightly displaced during embryonic migration (Laranjeira and Pachnis 2009).…”

Section: Mucosal Neurons and Mucosal Nerve Fibresmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The presence of small mucosal ganglia has been mentioned by earlier authors, the first may have been Drasch (1881). Stöhr (1949Stöhr ( , 1952, reviewing early references, considered mucosal neurons as slightly displaced submucosal neurons. Although the nature of mucosal neurons is not yet fully understood and they may be regarded as normal variants, they are frequently attributed, e.g., in histopathological diagnostics, as 'ectopic' or 'heterotopic' nerve cells or ganglia, respectively (Meier-Ruge and Bruder 2005;Furness 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantitative evaluation of neurons in the mucosal plexus of adult human intestines

Kramer

Silveira

Jabari

et al. 2011

Histochem Cell Biol

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The consequence of presence versus absence of mucosal neurons is not consistently assessed. Here, we addressed two questions. First, based on resected gut specimens of 65 patients/body donors suffering from different diseases, counts of mucosal neurons per mm(2) were analysed with respect to age, gender and region. Second, we evaluated resected megacolonic specimens of four patients suffering from chronic Chagas' disease. Mucosal wholemounts were triple-stained for calretinin (CALR), peripherin (PER) and human neuronal protein Hu C/D (HU). Counts revealed no clear correlation between the presence of mucosal neurons and age, gender or region. Mucosal neurons were present in 30 of 36 specimens derived from males (83%) and in 20 of 29 from females (69%). The numbers per mm(2) increased from duodenum to ileum (1.7-10.8) and from ascending to sigmoid colon (3.2-9.9). Out of 149 small intestinal mucosal neurons, 47% were co-reactive for CALR, PER and HU (large intestine: 76% of 300 neurons) and 48% for PER and HU only (large intestine: 23%). In 12 megacolonic specimens (each 3 from 4 patients), all 23 mucosal neurons found (1.9 per mm(2)) displayed co-reactivity for CALR, PER and HU. We suggest that the presence or the absence of mucosal neurons is variable, ongoing studies will address our assumption that they correspond in their morphochemical characteristics to submucosal neurons. Furthermore, both the architecture and neuron number of the megacolonic mucosal plexus displayed no dramatic changes indicating that mucosal nerves might be less involved in chagasic/megacolonic neurodegeneration as known from the myenteric plexus.

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“…Very early studies have shown that the ENS is capable of reflex activity, independent of the central nervous system [1,2]. Studies concentrating on the mucosal innervation patterns showed only a few scattered neurons within the mucosa and these were thought to be ectopic cells from the submucous plexus [3][4][5]. Keast et al and others felt that the mucous plexus was aganglionic [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal development of the mucosal plexus in the porcine small and large intestine

2006

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Knowledge regarding the foetal and postnatal development of the enteric nervous system is crucial for the understanding of congenital disorders. While lot of information exists regarding the myenteric and submucosal plexuses, the development of the mucosal plexus has not been previously studied. The mucosal innervation seems to play an important role in the local reflex activity of the gut. In this study, we examined the development of enteric mucosal innervation in the pig at various ages of life. Small and large bowel paraffin-embedded specimens were stained with PGP 9.5 and neurofilament protein in three piglets from six age groups (60 and 90 days gestation, newborn, 4 and 12 weeks old, and adult pigs). Small and large bowel demonstrated identical innervation patterns. Myenteric and submucosal plexuses were stained with PGP 9.5 at 60 days gestation. However, the mucosal staining was first noted clearly at the newborn period. By 4 weeks, PGP 9.5 staining was noted in small amounts within the mucosa. Inner proprial and villous fibres were seen ahead in time to the subepithelial fibres. Both inner proprial and villous staining became quiet prominent by 12 weeks of age and remained unchanged into adulthood. However, the subepithelial fibres appear to increase in adulthood. This study demonstrates for the first time that enteric mucosal innervation first appears only at birth. The immaturity of the mucosa generated reflex activity, and secretory functions may have implication in the management of functional intestinal obstruction in the premature infant.

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Mikroskopische Studien zur Innervation des Magen-Darmkanales V.

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Morphological classifications of enteric neurons -- 100 years after Dogiel

Morphological classifications of enteric neurons -- 100 years after Dogiel

Quantitative evaluation of neurons in the mucosal plexus of adult human intestines

Postnatal development of the mucosal plexus in the porcine small and large intestine

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