Mild cognitive impairment – beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment

Winblad, Bengt; Palmer, Katie; Kivipelto, Miia; Jelić, Vesna; Fratiglioni, Laura; Wahlund, Lars‐Olof; Nordberg, Agneta; Bäckman, Lars; Albert, Marilyn; Almkvist, Ove; Arai, Hiroyuki; Basun, Hans; Blennow, Kaj; Leon, Mony J. de; DeCarli, Charlie S.; Erkinjuntti, Timo; Giacobini, Ezio; Graff, Caroline; Hardy, John; Jack, Clifford R.; Jorm, Anthony F; Ritchie, Karen; Duijn, Cornelia M. van; Visser, Pieter Jelle; Petersen, Ronald C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01380.x

Cited by 4,253 publications

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“…We considered as cases all the participants who met the revised Mayo Clinic criteria for MCI: (1) cognitive concern expressed by a physician, informant, participant, or nurse; (2) cognitive impairment in one or more domains (executive function, memory, language, or visuospatial); (3) normal functional activities; and (4) not demented 2, 3 . Subjects with MCI could have a Clinical Dementia Rating Scale score of 0 or 0.5; however, the final diagnosis of MCI was not based exclusively on the clinical dementia rating, but rather on all available data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engaging in Cognitive Activities, Aging, and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Population-Based Study

Geda¹,

Topazian²,

Lewis³

et al. 2011

Journal of Neuropsychiatry

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We investigated whether engaging in cognitive activities is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a cross-sectional study derived from an ongoing population-based study of normal cognitive aging and MCI in Olmsted County, Minnesota. A random sample of 1321 non-demented study participants ages 70 to 89 (n = 1124 cognitively normal persons and n = 197 subjects with MCI) was interviewed about the frequency of cognitive activities carried out in late life (within one year of the date of interview). Computer activities [OR (95% CI) = 0.50 (0.36, 0.71); p < .0001)], craft activities such as knitting, quilting, etc. [0.66 (0.47, 0.93); p = 0.019)], playing games [0.65 (0.47, 0.90); p = 0.010)], and reading books [0.67 (0.49, 0.94); p = 0.019)] were associated with decreased odds of having MCI. Social activities such as traveling were marginally significant [0.71 (0.51, 1.00); p = 0.050)]. Even though the point estimates for reading magazines, playing music, artistic activities, and group activities were associated with reduced odds of having MCI, none reached statistical significance. We could not expect to observe any difference between the two groups on the variable of reading newspapers since almost identical proportions of the two groups (97.4% of normals and 97.5% of the MCI group) were engaged in reading newspapers on a regular basis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reader is referred elsewhere for a detailed discussion of MCI 2, 3 . Subjects with MCI constitute a high risk group because they develop dementia at a rate of 10% to 15% per year compared with 1% to 2% per year in the general population 4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Engaging in Cognitive Activities, Aging, and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Population-Based Study

Geda¹,

Topazian²,

Lewis³

et al. 2011

Journal of Neuropsychiatry

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“…Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often represents an early transition stage between normal functioning and dementia and refers to cognitive impairment greater than expected for age but without meeting criteria for a dementia diagnosis (Winblad et al, 2004). MCI would be expected to have an insidious onset as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This state is termed amnestic MCI (Winblad et al, 2004) when other nonmemory cognitive functions are essentially preserved, although mild decline may be observed in these other areas (Devanand et al, 1997;Grundman et al, 2004;Twamley et al, 2006). In their study, Devanand and colleagues found that low scores on delayed recall, category naming for animals, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R; Wechsler, 1981) Digit Symbol, Picture Arrangement, and Block Design subtests were predictive of diagnosis of dementia 2 to 3 years later.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectory of mild cognitive impairment onset

Howieson

Carlson

Moore

et al. 2008

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

138

118

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The objective was to identify the trajectories of onset of memory and other cognitive loss in persons destined to develop mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Healthy, community dwelling, cognitively intact elders (n 5 156, mean age at entry 5 83 years) were examined annually for an average of greater than 7 years. Those who developed at least two consecutive Clinical Dementia Ratings Ն 0.5 were classified as having MCI. Longitudinal mixed effects models with a change point were used to model the aging process in those with and without an MCI diagnosis during follow-up and to model the rate of change relative to the age of onset of MCI. MCI had a preclinical stage of accelerated cognitive loss that was observed 3 to 4 years before the diagnosis of MCI on tests of verbal memory, animal fluency, and visuospatial constructions. Evidence from memory performance before the change point suggests that a slow decline in memory precedes the period of accelerated decline in the development of MCI. Aging transitions leading to MCI and dementia are characterized by unique linear and nonlinear cognitive changes in several domains that precede the diagnosis of MCI and dementia by at least several years. (JINS, 2008, 14, 192-198.)

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“…treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) or ginkgo biloba). To date, randomized controlled trials

Box 1.General Criteria for MCI (Modified after [3])● Diagnosis based on clinical judgement● Report of cognitive decline by the patient and / or an informant Cognitive impairment in one or more domains (e.g. memory, attention, language, visuospatial skills, perceptual speed or executive functioning).

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment as a Prodromal Syndrome of Alzheimer's Disease

Karakaya

Fußer²,

Schröder³

et al. 2013

Current Neuropharmacology

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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a syndrome which, depending on various neurobiological, psychological and social factors, carries a high risk of developing into dementia. As far as diagnostic uncertainty and the heterogeneous underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are concerned, only limited therapeutic options are currently available. Clinical trials involving a wide range of substances have failed to show efficacy on primary and secondary outcome parameters. Most results reflect not only a lack of effectiveness of drug therapy but also methodological constraints in true prodromal Alzheimer´s disease (AD) based on clinical criteria. Biomarkers may help to identify MCI as a prodromal phase of dementia, so it is important to use them to improve specificity of case selection in future studies. For MCI as a prodromal syndrome of AD, clinical trials with disease modifying drugs that target underlying pathological mechanisms such as amyloid-beta accumulation and neurofibrillary tangle formation may help develop effective treatment options in the future. Alternative pharmacological approaches are currently being evaluated in ongoing phase 1 and phase 2 studies. Nevertheless, a lack of approved pharmacotherapeutic options has led to specific interventions that focus on patient education and life-style related factors receiving increasing attention.

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Mild cognitive impairment – beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment

Cited by 4,253 publications

References 0 publications

Engaging in Cognitive Activities, Aging, and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Population-Based Study

Engaging in Cognitive Activities, Aging, and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Population-Based Study

Trajectory of mild cognitive impairment onset

Pharmacological Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment as a Prodromal Syndrome of Alzheimer's Disease

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