Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: Clustering and Switching Analyses in Verbal Fluency Test

Abstract

PD-MCI patients showed poor performance in VFT related to the deficient use of production strategies. The number of switches is a useful predictor for incident PD-MCI. (JINS, 2017, 23, 511-520).

Automated Indices of Clustering and Switching of Semantic Verbal Fluency in Parkinson’s Disease

“…Our study is the first to derive automated switching indices (ASW), to provide evidence for their concurrent validity against the experimenter-based TSW index, and to demonstrate evidence of their construct validity against neuropsychological measures of executive function. The latter is consistent with a recent study in PD showing a positive correlation between experimenter-based TSW and the number of categories in the WCST (Galtier et al, 2017), and with another study in PD showing moderate correlation (r = .47), albeit nonsignificant due to low power, between TSW and a composite score of executive functioning based on TMTB and measures of conceptualization (Demakis et al, 2003). Studies in other populations also support the validity of TSW as a measure of executive function by establishing its relationship to mental flexibility (TMTB-A) in healthy older adults using a 10-min semantic fluency task (Rosen et al, 2005), and mental flexibility (TMTB, Stroop test, and errors on the intra/extra-dimensional set shifting) in individuals with Huntington's disease (Ho et al, 2002).…”

“…Switching differentiated PD-NC and PD-MCI regardless of the method used, but MCS did not. This validates the findings of a previous study in PD-MCI where only TSW, and not TMCS, contributed to PD-MCI group membership prediction (Galtier et al, 2017). This replication is important as there are several differences between the two samples with our groups presenting with longer disease duration (8 vs. 12 years), higher education (8.5 vs. 14.2 years), overall better SVF performance (total words 18 vs. 15 in PD-MCI) in our group and significant discrepancies between mean values of TSW and TMCS.…”

“…Indeed, very few studies on experimenter-based SVF indices relate mean cluster size to neuropsychological measures of semantic knowledge or language. In the few studies that did, TMCS did not correlate with BNT in AD (Weakley & Schmitter-Edgecombe, 2014), with the Information Subtest in PD and PD-MCI (Galtier et al, 2017), nor with a composite language index based on naming and vocabulary tests in PD (Demakis et al, 2003). Instead, the latter study showed TMCS to correlate with executive functioning in PD which further challenges the validity of TMCS as a measure of semantic memory, albeit this relationship was not found in our sample.…”

“…In Parkinson's disease (PD) where SVF is frequently affected (Henry & Crawford, 2004c;Koerts et al, 2013;Raskin, Sliwinski, & Borod, 1992;Tröster et al, 1998;Williams-Gray et al, 2009), a few studies show reduced TSW, particularly in patients with PD-related mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) (Galtier, Nieto, Lorenzo, & Barroso, 2017) and PD dementia (Epker et al, 1999;Koerts et al, 2013;Troyer, Moscovitch, Winocur, Leach, et al, 1998). In contrast, TMCS is unaffected regardless of cognitive status (Donovan, Siegert, McDowall, & Abernethy, 1999;Epker et al, 1999;Galtier et al, 2017;Troyer, Moscovitch, Winocur, Leach, et al, 1998). This pattern suggests that only the fronto-executive component, and not the semantic store component, is impaired.…”

Uso da Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) em pacientes com doença de Parkinson idiopática

“…Dentre as alterações cognitivas, a disfunção executiva ou síndrome disexecutiva ocorre com mais frequência, principalmente nos estágios iniciais da doença (Chow e Cummings, 1999;Barbosa et al, 2006;Stella et al, 2007;Piovezan et al, 2007;Bocanegra et al, 2014;Cerasa et al, 2014;Petrelli et al, 2015;Bovolenta e Felício, 2017;Galtier et al, 2017;Papagno e Trojano, 2018;Wolters et al, 2019;Hall e Lewis, 2019). Este domínio cognitivo está relacionado com a capacidade para antecipar, planejar, iniciar e monitorar o comportamento dirigido a objetivos, que diante de novas informações deve ser flexibilizado e reformulado (Petrelli et al, 2015).…”