Mild extraction of dyes by hydrofluoric acid in routine analysis of historical paint micro-samples

Sanyova, Jana

doi:10.1007/s00604-007-0867-z

Cited by 51 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The method adopted for the analysis of standards, reference dyes, and lakes, paint model systems and archeological samples was the so called HF method [19] LDI-MS analysis was also performed in order to compare the relative abundance of the ions in the isotopic clusters of anthraquinones to those acquired by MALDI. For LDI-MS, less than 0.5 mg of each sample was dispersed in 1 mL of bidistilled water; 1 μL of the resulting solution was spotted on the steel plate, left to dry, and then analyzed by LDI-ToF-MS.…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until now, the analytical techniques and procedures developed for the analyses of dyes have been mainly focused on textiles [17,18], whereas only few efficient protocols for the analyses of lakes in painting micro-samples have been described. In this work, we applied one of the socalled mild methods optimized by Sanyova [19] based on hydrofluoric acid (HF) and, for the first time, we coupled it with MALDI-MS detection for the analysis of painting samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) has already proven to be a promising analytical tool for the study of colorants [20][21][22][23] , and Ca 2+ [19,27]. MALDI-ToF-MS analyses of standard anthraquinones and derivatives are described in the literature [28,29] but the anthraquinones typical of red lakes have never been investigated by this means, and no study on the possible interferences from the matrix is available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, standard anthraquinones and reference anthraquinoid lakes and paint model samples were analyzed by a MALDI-ToF-MS method (entailing the extraction with HF and purification steps [19]) performed both in positive and in negative acquisition modes. The collected spectra are discussed in relation to the different ionization modes and the best one for each anthraquinoid dye has been assessed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Method for the Identification of Anthraquinones: the Case of Historical Lakes

Sabatini

Lluveras‐Tenorio

Degano

et al. 2016

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. This study deals with the identification of anthraquinoid molecular markers in standard dyes, reference lakes, and paint model systems using a micro-invasive and nondestructive technique such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS). Red anthraquinoid lakes, such as madder lake, carmine lake, and Indian lac, have been the most widely used for painting purposes since ancient times. From an analytical point of view, identifying lakes in paint samples is challenging and developing methods that maximize the information achievable minimizing the amount of sample needed is of paramount importance. The employed method was tested on less than 0.5 mg of reference samples and required a minimal sample preparation, entailing a hydrofluoric acid extraction. The method is fast and versatile because of the possibility to re-analyze the same sample (once it has been spotted on the steel plate), testing both positive and negative modes in a few minutes. The MALDI mass spectra collected in the two analysis modes were studied and compared with LDI and simulated mass spectra in order to highlight the peculiar behavior of the anthraquinones in the MALDI process. Both ionization modes were assessed for each species. The effect of the different paint binders on dye identification was also evaluated through the analyses of paint model systems. In the end, the method was successful in detecting madder lake in archeological samples from Greek wall paintings and on an Italian funerary clay vessel, demonstrating its capabilities to identify dyes in small amount of highly degraded samples.

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Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Method for the Identification of Anthraquinones: the Case of Historical Lakes

Sabatini

Lluveras‐Tenorio

Degano

et al. 2016

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Dlatego też nadal poszukuje się efektywnych i łagodnych odczynników umożliwia-jących uwolnienie substancji barwiących z laku. Ostatnie badania wykazały wysoką efektywność procesu ekstrakcji przy zastosowaniu kwasu fluorowodorowego (HF) jako łagodnego odczynnika izolującego substancje barwiące z laków 16 . Kwas fluorowodorowy dzięki niskiej kwasowości oraz właściwo-ściom kompleksującym jony metali, skutecznie izoluje substancje barwią-ce z kompleksu, nie powodując przy tym rozkładu wiązań glikozydowych ani innych niepożądanych reakcji.…”

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Żółte barwniki organiczne w XIX-wiecznych farbach Jana Matejki – identyfikacja substancji barwiących, nośników oraz wypełniaczy

Otłowska

Wachowiak²,

Śliwka-Kaszyńska

et al. 2016

AUNC_ZiK

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Images in transformation: The color and its change in a group of Portuguese paintings from the second half of the 16th century

Melo

Cruz

Sanyova

et al. 2022

Color Research & Application

Self Cite

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Four panel paintings depicting episodes related to the birth of Christ and attributed to the Portuguese mannerist painter Francisco João (doc. 1558–1585) were found to exhibit a muted palette that had no correspondence with the traditionally vivid colors used in the sixteenth century to represent joyful biblical events. Complementing previous research on the disruption and loss of the red glazes in these paintings, the investigation focused on the analysis of materials, painting technique and degradation issues that further affected the original paintings, changing the viewer's perception and understanding of these artworks. The investigation combined the visual examination of the painting surface with microscopic and spectroscopic analysis of the binder and pigments. A conventional palette made of lead white, lead‐tin yellow, ochres, vermilion, verdigris, smalt, azurite, carbon black and a red lake made of brazilwood and cochineal was identified. The pigments were bound in an oil‐based medium. Chemical and physical alterations detected in paints rich in smalt and verdigris were found to be responsible for color changes affecting significant areas of the compositions. The presence of moisture and the reaction between pigment and binder leading, among other products, to soap and oxalate formation, played a central role in the long‐term behavior of the paint film. Understanding the main degradation processes involved and their consequences is crucial when interpreting an artists' color palette and designing the best approach to preserve these paintings.

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Mild extraction of dyes by hydrofluoric acid in routine analysis of historical paint micro-samples

Cited by 51 publications

References 7 publications

A Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Method for the Identification of Anthraquinones: the Case of Historical Lakes

A Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Method for the Identification of Anthraquinones: the Case of Historical Lakes

Żółte barwniki organiczne w XIX-wiecznych farbach Jana Matejki – identyfikacja substancji barwiących, nośników oraz wypełniaczy

Images in transformation: The color and its change in a group of Portuguese paintings from the second half of the 16th century

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