Mild neurological impairment may indicate a psychomotor endophenotype in patients with borderline personality disorder

Arbabi, Mohammad; Paast, Negin; Karim, Hamid Reza; Faghfori, Sara; Memari, Amir Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.006

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This is supported by the literature including FE patients ( 6 , 77 ). However, NSS can also be detected in patients suffering from a number of other psychiatric diseases including bipolar disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, borderline personality disorder ( 78 – 80 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia: An Update on the State- versus Trait-Perspective

Bachmann

Schröder

2018

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: Neurological soft signs (NSS) represent minor neurological signs, which indicate non-specific cerebral dysfunction. In schizophrenia, their presence has been documented extensively across all stages of the disease. Until recently, NSS were considered an endophenotype or a trait phenomenon. During the past years, however, researchers report fluctuations of the NSS scores.Aims: To further clarify the question whether NSS exhibit state or trait components or both, studies that have investigated NSS longitudinally were reviewed.Method: Studies which have assessed NSS longitudinally in adults suffering from schizophrenia, were searched for. The time frame was January 1966 to June 2017. Studies on teenagers were excluded because of interferences between brain maturation and pathology.Results: Twenty-nine follow-up studies were identified. They included patients during different stages of their illness and mainly used established instruments for NSS assessment. Patients with a first episode or a remitting course predominantly show a decrease of NSS over time, whereas a worsening of NSS can be found in the chronically ill. It was shown that change of NSS total scores over time is predominantly caused by motor system subscales and to a lesser extent by sensory integration scales. With respect to medication, the majority of studies agree on a relationship between medication response and improvement of NSS while the type of antipsychotic does not seem to play a major role. Moreover, where information on side-effects is given, it does not favor a strong relationship with NSS. However, NSS seem to correlate with negative and cognitive symptoms.Conclusion: Studies manifest a conformity regarding the presence of NSS in schizophrenia patients on the one hand. On the other hand, fluctuations of NSS scores have been widely described in subgroups. Taken together results strongly support a state-trait dichotomy of NSS. Thus, the usage of NSS as an endophenotype has to be called into question.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia: An Update on the State- versus Trait-Perspective

Bachmann

Schröder

2018

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Putative endophenotypes of BPD [3,19] include specific behavioral traits (e.g., stress-potentiated impulsivity [20], impulsive aggression [21,22,23], and affective instability), cognitive impairments (e.g., deficits in executive functions, response inhibition, attention and cognitive control [24,25,26] and abnormal social cognition [27,28,29], abnormalities in somatosensory processing [30], sensory integration and motor coordination [31], and alterations in brain structure and neural circuits [32,33,34,35], and molecular pathways [36,37].…”

Section: The Endophenotype Approach In Bpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past, present, and future of genetic research in borderline personality disorder

Nia

Eveleth

Gabbay

et al. 2018

Current Opinion in Psychology

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Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a major mental illness with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1-3%, characterized by a persistent pattern of instability in relationships, mood, impulse regulation, and sense of self. This results in impulsive self-damaging behavior, high suicide rates, and severe functional impairment. BPD has a complex, multifactorial etiology, resulting from an interaction among genetic and environmental substrates, and has moderate to high heritability based on twin and family studies. However, our understanding of the genetic architecture of BPD is very limited. This is a critical obstacle since genetics can pave the way for identifying new treatment targets and developing preventive and disease-modifying pharmacological treatments which are currently lacking. We review genetic studies in BPD, with a focus on limitations and challenges and future directions. Genetic research in BPD is still in its very early stages compared to other major psychiatric disorders. Most early genetic studies in BPD were non-replicated association studies in small samples, focused on single candidate genes. More recently, there has been one genome-wide linkage study and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of subclinical BPD traits and a first GWAS in a relatively modest sample of patients fulfilling full diagnostic criteria for the disorder. Although there are adequate animal models for some of the core dimensions of BPD, there is a lack of translational research including data from animal models in BPD. Research in more pioneering fields, such as imaging genetics, deep sequencing and epigenetics, holds promise for elucidating the pathophysiology of BPD and identifying new treatment targets.

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“…On examination, patients with BPD have been found to exhibit higher rates of neurological soft signs in keeping with underlying non-focal neurological dysfunction. 24…”

Section: Neurobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 26 The excess mortality cannot be attributed to increased suicide rates alone and it is now apparent that people with BPD experience significantly poorer physical health compared with individuals not diagnosed with BPD. Rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease are substantially increased, 24 and associations have also been reported between BPD and gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases, arthritis, sleep disorders and chronic pain, as well as syncope and seizures. 27 The underlying mechanisms for this disproportionate burden of illness are unknown; lifestyle factors such as higher rates of smoking and poorer diet are likely to be implicated, as well as the toll taken by chronic levels of psychological stress on the body.…”

Section: Physical Comorbiditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borderline personality disorder: an update for neurologists

Hall

Moran

2019

Pract Neurol

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The value and challenges of establishing and maintaining a successful doctor–patient relationship are thrown into sharp relief in the treatment of people with borderline personality disorder. We present an overview of this common and important condition, its epidemiology, cause, common comorbidities and neurological associations. We then propose a practical, psychologically informed framework for enhancing the therapeutic alliance for the jobbing neurologist in managing these patients.

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Mild neurological impairment may indicate a psychomotor endophenotype in patients with borderline personality disorder

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia: An Update on the State- versus Trait-Perspective

Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia: An Update on the State- versus Trait-Perspective

Past, present, and future of genetic research in borderline personality disorder

Borderline personality disorder: an update for neurologists

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