Mild temperature hydrothermal oxidation of anaerobic fermentation filtrate for carbon and nitrogen recovery in a regenerative life support system

Zhang, Dongdong; Luther, Amanda; Clauwaert, Peter; Ronsse, Frederik

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2018.11.022

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, it must be noted that VFA spectra generated during anaerobic fermentation are highly variable and depend on various factors such as substrate composition and inoculum (Poughon et al, 2013;Khan et al, 2016), pH and temperature (Shin et al, 2004;Jiang et al, 2013;Khan et al, 2016), and bioreactor design and operation (Lim et al, 2008;Bharathiraja et al, 2016). For instance, in experiments using food waste by Shin et al (2004), and in MELiSSA experiments using a synthetically composed organic waste (Luther et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019), both acetic acid and butyric acid were the main VFAs, with butyric acid being dominant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stoichiometric model of a fully closed bioregenerative life support system for autonomous long-duration space missions

Vermeulen

Papic²,

Nikolič

et al. 2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) are vital for long-duration and remote space missions to increase mission sustainability. These systems break down human waste materials into nutrients and CO2 for plants and other edible organisms, which in turn provide food, fresh water, and oxygen for astronauts. The central idea is to create a materially closed loop, which can significantly reduce mission mass and volume by cutting down or even eliminating disposable waste. In most BLSS studies only a fraction of the resources, such as food, are provided by the system itself, with the rest taken on board at departure or provided through resupply missions. However, for autonomous long-duration space missions without any possibility of resupply, a BLSS that generates all resources with minimal or no material loss, is essential. The goal of this study is to develop a stoichiometric model of a conceptually fully closed BLSS that provides all the metabolic needs of the crew and organisms. The MELiSSA concept of the European Space Agency is used as reference system, consisting of five interconnected compartments, each inhabited by different types of organisms. A detailed review of publicly available MELiSSA literature from 1989 to 2022 revealed that no existing stoichiometric model met the study’s requirements. Therefore, a new stoichiometric model was developed to describe the cycling of the elements C, H, O, and N through all five MELiSSA compartments and one auxiliary compartment. A compact set of chemical equations with fixed coefficients was established for this purpose. A spreadsheet model simulates the flow of all relevant compounds for a crew of six. By balancing the dimensions of the different compartments, a high degree of closure is attained at steady state, with 12 out of 14 compounds exhibiting zero loss, and oxygen and CO2 displaying only minor losses between iterations. This is the first stoichiometric model of a MELiSSA-inspired BLSS that describes a continuous provision of 100% of the food and oxygen needs of the crew. The stoichiometry serves as the foundation of an agent-based model of the MELiSSA loop, as part of the Evolving Asteroid Starships (E|A|S) research project.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stoichiometric model of a fully closed bioregenerative life support system for autonomous long-duration space missions

Vermeulen

Papic²,

Nikolič

et al. 2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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“…Prolonging the residence time of the organic carbon ( Fig. 1c-d) under mild SCWO conditions has therefore been investigated to reach efficient oxidation to carbon dioxide, while reducing stress and corrosion in the reactor and reducing NO x formation (Bermejo and Cocero, 2006;Guo et al, 2010;Fang, 2014;Al-Duri and Alsoqyani, 2017;Zhang et al, 2019a). This approach, albeit effective, gives rise to additional technical requirements, such as an increased reactor size and an associated increase of oxidizer injection points distributed over the reactor.…”

Section: Challenges and Needs For Scwo Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the pre-heating section, the organic feed and oxidizer streams reached a temperature between 180 C and 200 C before being mixed and subsequently entering the reaction section. The time spent by the feed and oxidizer mixture in the preheaters was 90e180 s for the feed stream and 90e120 s for the oxidizer stream, depending on the stream flow rate (Albrecht, 2006;Zhang et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Scwo Set-up and Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effluent recirculation enables near-complete oxidation of organics during supercritical water oxidation at mild conditions: A proof of principle

2020

Self Cite

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“…Among environmental control needs, VPD regulation is one of the utmost challenges to face in indoor agriculture due to its dynamic interaction with crops in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (Leonardi et al, 2000;Amitrano et al, 2021a;Amitrano et al, 2021b). Recent studies clearly indicate that VPD impacts all physiological and biochemical processes related to transpiration, also affecting the morpho-anatomical development of crops in terms of leaf lamina tissues organization, stomatal and veins dimensions and densities, which in turn modify crops physiology in terms of gas-exchange and water use (Zhang et al, 2019;Amitrano et al, 2022). The influence of VPD on crops' nutraceutical compounds has been way less studied compared to other environmental factors, but some research has agreed that high VPD levels (1.7 -3 kPa) enhanced the bioactive value of some crops (tomato, cucumber, lettuce), increasing their ascorbic acid, bcarotene and polyphenolic content (Davey et al, 2000;Rosales et al, 2006;Bisbis et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presentations at the 2022 MELiSSA Conference – Current and Future Ways to Closed Life Support Systems

Verseux,

Paul de Vera,

Gennaro Izzo

2024

Frontiers Research Topics

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Mild temperature hydrothermal oxidation of anaerobic fermentation filtrate for carbon and nitrogen recovery in a regenerative life support system

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Stoichiometric model of a fully closed bioregenerative life support system for autonomous long-duration space missions

Stoichiometric model of a fully closed bioregenerative life support system for autonomous long-duration space missions

Effluent recirculation enables near-complete oxidation of organics during supercritical water oxidation at mild conditions: A proof of principle

Presentations at the 2022 MELiSSA Conference – Current and Future Ways to Closed Life Support Systems

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