Mild‐Temperature Solution‐Assisted Encapsulation of Phosphorus into ZIF‐8 Derived Porous Carbon as Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode

Abstract

The high theoretical capacity of red phosphorus (RP) makes it a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the large volume change of RP during charging/discharging imposes an adverse effect on the cyclability and the rate performance suffers from its low conductivity. Herein, a facile solution‐based strategy is exploited to incorporate phosphorus into the pores of zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF‐8) derived carbon hosts under a mild temperature. With this method, the blocky RP is etched into the form of polyphosphides anions (PP, mainly P5−) so that it can easily diffuse into the pores of porous carbon hosts. Especially, the indelible crystalline surface phosphorus can be effectively avoided, which usually generates in the conventional vapor‐condensation encapsulation method. Moreover, highly‐conductive ZIF‐8 derived carbon hosts with any pore smaller than 3 nm are efficient for loading PP and these pores can alleviate the volume change well. Finally, the composite of phosphorus encapsulated into ZIF‐8 derived porous carbon exhibits a significantly improved electrochemical performance as lithium‐ion battery anode with a high capacity of 786 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, a good stability within 700 cycles at 1 A g−1, and an excellent rate performance.

Loading Single‐Ni Atoms on Assembled Hollow N‐Rich Carbon Plates for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction

“…The high specific surface area mainly originates from the rich micropores and mesopores within the carbon framework. [42,43] In addition, the types of N species and their contents in NC(MP) are similar to those of NC(AHP) (Figure S13, Supporting Information). Ni-NC(MP) and Ni-NC(AHP) show similar XPS binding energy (Figure 4a) and nearly identical Ni K-edge XANES spectra (Figure 4b), which implies that the Ni species in both samples possesses comparable valence state.…”

Conductive Materials with Elaborate Micro/Nanostructures for Bioelectronics

“…[ 107–109 ] Solution‐assisted method is a novel, high‐speed but controlled approach in the scope of microfabrication strategy. [ 110–112 ] Based on this microfabrication strategy, via selenizing and decomposing Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O precursor solution, Peng et al. synthesized a highly flexible semiconducting oxyselenide (Bi 2 O 2 Se) membrane, as demonstrated in Figure a,b.…”

“…[107][108][109] Solution-assisted method is a novel, high-speed but controlled approach in the scope of microfabrication strategy. [110][111][112] Based on this microfabrication strategy, via selenizing and decomposing Bi(NO 3 ) 3 •5H 2 O precursor solution, Peng et al synthesized a highly flexible semiconducting oxyselenide (Bi 2 O 2 Se) membrane, as demonstrated in Figure 5a,b. [111] Benefitting from the prominent affinity among solution and substrates, Bi(NO 3 ) 3 •5H 2 O pre-solutions were rolled on substrates with prominent uniformity at a certain speed (Figure 5c).…”

The Progress and Prospect of Tunable Organic Molecules for Organic Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…The typical materials with the intercalation mechanism are graphite (previous commercialized anode, with a theoretical capacity of 372 mAh g –1 ) and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO; 175 mAh g –1 when the cutoff discharge voltage is over 1 V), which are highly reversible zero-strain materials . There are many metallic and nonmetallic materials that follow the alloying mechanism, including Si (Li 4.4 Si: 4200 mAh g –1 ), ,− Sn (Li 4.4 Sn: 994 mAh g –1 ), − Sb (Li 3 Sb: 660 mAh g –1 ), , P (Li 3 P: 2596 mAh g –1 ), Ge (Li 4.4 Ge: 1600 mAh g –1 ), − and Bi (Li 3 Bi: 385 mAh g –1 ), − respectively. The alloying materials have shown a high capacity and high energy density with multilithium cations, following the rechargeable mechanism: …”