Mild-to-moderate schizotypal traits relate to physiological arousal from social stress

Premkumar, Preethi; Alahakoon, P. C. B.; Smith, Madelaine; Kumari, Veena; Babu, Diviesh; Baker, Joshua

doi:10.1080/10253890.2020.1797674

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Disorganized schizotypy denotes social anxiety and communication disorder [52]. Disorganized schizotypy also relates to social stress [53][54][55] and social anxiety as rejection sensitivity [56]. In turn, disorganized schizotypy and social anxiety relate to poor recognition of anger [57,58].…”

Section: The Path From Disorganized Schizotypy To Depression and Aggrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The path from schizotypy to depression and aggression and the role of family stress

2020

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Background. Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that is linked to the vulnerability for psychosis. Positive schizotypy includes having paranormal beliefs. Negative schizotypy includes social anhedonia. Disorganized schizotypy includes social anxiety and communication disorder. Schizotypy relates to depression and aggression. Family stress from high expressed emotion (EE; a rating of criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement in a close relative toward a person showing signs of mental disorder) may mediate the link between schizotypy, depression and aggression. This study tested, using path analyses, the hypotheses that schizotypy predicts depression and aggression through high perceived EE as criticism and irritability (hypothesis 1) and praise and intrusiveness in a close relative (hypothesis 2). Methods. One hundred and four healthy participants listened to and rated the self-relevance of standard criticism and standard praise that denote EE. Participants rated their level of schizotypy, depression, aggression, and perceived EE in self-report questionnaires. Two path models tested the hypotheses. Results. Disorganized schizotypy, more than positive schizotypy, predicted the path to depression and aggression when perceived criticism and perceived EE-irritability were mediators. Disorganised schizotypy, more than negative schizotypy, predicted the path to depression and aggression when perceived praise and perceived EE-intrusiveness were mediators. Conclusions. Greater perceived criticism and less perceived praise in family communication explain the path from disorganized schizotypy (more so than positive or negative schizotypy) to depression and aggression. These findings indicate a need to consider the thought disorder-EE link as a potential contributor to depression and aggression in people with schizophrenia.

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Section: The Path From Disorganized Schizotypy To Depression and Aggrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The path from schizotypy to depression and aggression and the role of family stress

2020

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“…Studies have employed emotion or cognition tasks to elicit ERP components for evaluating schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] or schizotypy [30][31][32][33][34]. The auditory oddball task is adept at evoking the P300 response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examining the P300 response to a social cognition oddball task would likely allow detection of attention impairment arising from social anxiety in schizotypy [31]. Stimuli depicting social affect may elicit heightened P300 amplitude in HS, in contrast to innocuous acoustic tones, due to greater social threat sensitivity [41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensor factorization approach for ERP-based assessment of schizotypy in a novel auditory oddball task on perceived family stress

Zandbagleh¹,

Mirzakuchaki²,

Daliri³

et al. 2022

J. Neural Eng.

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Objective. Schizotypy, a potential phenotype for schizophrenia, is a personality trait that depicts psychosis-like signs in the normal range of psychosis continuum. Family communication may affect the social functioning of people with schizotypy. Greater family stress, such as irritability, criticism and less praise, is perceived at a higher level of schizotypy. This study aims to determine the differences between people with high and low levels of schizotypy using electroencephalography (EEG) during criticism, praise and neutral comments. EEGs were recorded from twenty-nine participants in the general community who varied from low schizotypy (LS) to high schizotypy (HS) during a novel emotional auditory oddball task. Approach. We consider the difference in event-related potential (ERP) parameters, namely the amplitude and latency of P300 subcomponents (P3a and P3b), between pairs of target words (standard, positive, negative and neutral). A model based on tensor factorization is then proposed to detect these components from the EEG using the CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposition technique. Finally, we employ the mutual information estimation method to select influential features for classification. Main results. The highest classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 93.1%, 94.73%, and 90% are obtained via leave-one-out cross validation. Significance. This is the first attempt to investigate the identification of individuals with psychometrically-defined HS from brain responses that are specifically associated with perceiving family stress and schizotypy. By measuring these brain responses to social stress, we achieve the goal of improving the accuracy in detection of early episodes of psychosis.

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“…Stress also adversely impacts those with schizotypal traits in the general population, with reports of increased life events (Armando et al, 2018;Kocsis-Bog ar, Mikl osi, & Forintos, 2013) and childhood trauma (Velikonja, Fisher, Mason, & Johnson, 2015). When considering biological correlates of stress, those with schizotypal traits have demonstrated blunted cortisol response (Walter, Fernandez, Snelling, & Barkus, 2018), increased heart rate, and greater skin conductance (Premkumar et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Not all stress is created equal: Acute, not ambient stress, impairs learning in high schizotypes

2021

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Learning from feedback is essential for daily functioning, with factors that impact learning having implications for healthy and clinical populations. Reinforcement learning appears impaired across the psychosis continuum, with deficits reported in patients with psychotic disorders as well as high schizotypes from the general population. Stress can impair learning, and sensitivity to stress is present along the psychosis continuum. The aim of the present study was to understand if stress impairs reinforcement learning in those at the lower end of the psychosis continuum. We investigated both naturalistic stress in everyday life using daily hassles (Study 1: n = 70; 31% male, M age = 22.67 years) and acute psychosocial stress using the Trier Social Stress Test (Study 2: n = 57; 32% male, M age = 22.43 years). In the presence of naturalistic stress, learning did not differ across schizotypes. However, under acute psychosocial stress, high schizotypes experienced impaired learning. Our results suggest trail‐and‐error learning is robust to the ebbs and flows of everyday stress for high schizotypes; however, acute stress is associated with decrements in learning. This indicates that the magnitude of stressors should be considered when designing cognitive and functional interventions for those along the psychosis continuum.

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Mild-to-moderate schizotypal traits relate to physiological arousal from social stress

Cited by 8 publications

References 89 publications

The path from schizotypy to depression and aggression and the role of family stress

The path from schizotypy to depression and aggression and the role of family stress

Tensor factorization approach for ERP-based assessment of schizotypy in a novel auditory oddball task on perceived family stress

Not all stress is created equal: Acute, not ambient stress, impairs learning in high schizotypes

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