Mile-a-minute weed (Persicaria perfoliata) and weevil (Rhinoncomimus latipes) response to varying moisture and temperature conditions

Impact of the defoliating moth Hypena opulenta on invasive swallow-worts (Vincetoxicum species) under different light environments

“…In all cases, within-season reductions in growth rates, biomass, and reproduction have been reported. Such information, whether from pre-or post-release impact studies, can be helpful in understanding future or realized control outcomes, including what densities of agents may need to occur (e.g., Balciunas and Smith, 2006;Berg et al, 2015).…”

“…However, seedlings are often less tolerant of herbivory than mature plants (Strauss and Agrawal, 1999;Colpetzer et al, 2004). Also, the effect of herbivore damage can be enhanced by the addition of other environmental stresses (Berg et al, 2015;Harris, 1981). For example, defoliation can have a more severe effect on shaded plants relative to unshaded plants or on species that may be less shade tolerant (Baraza et al, 2004;Blundell and Peart, 2001; Lentz and Cipollini, 1998;Norghauer et al, 2008;Rogers and Siemann, 2003).…”

“…For example, defoliation can have a more severe effect on shaded plants relative to unshaded plants or on species that may be less shade tolerant (Baraza et al, 2004;Blundell and Peart, 2001; Lentz and Cipollini, 1998;Norghauer et al, 2008;Rogers and Siemann, 2003). Assessing the impact of candidate agents under a variety of environmental conditions and on different life stages of the target weed can aid our understanding of potential outcomes of weed biological control programs (Berg et al, 2015;Lockett et al, 2012). of ambient light in forest interiors and up to 34% of ambient light at forest edges (Averill, 2009;Milbrath, 2008).…”