Military coups and the consequences of durable de facto power: the case of Pakistan

Bhave, Aditya; Kingston, Christopher

doi:10.1007/s10101-009-0068-9

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This increases auditor's business risk because the exposure of political rents by political opponents is higher for civil-connected firms than for non-connected firms (National Accountability Bureau (NAB), 2020). Secondly, MAJ 37,2 civil regimes are more fragile because they are subject to new elections or are prone to direct military intervention (Bhave and Kingston, 2010;Fair, 2011). The fragility of civil political regimes increases the probability of political rents being uncovered and legal redress being made against the firm and the auditor.…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Political connections, political uncertainty and audit fees: evidence from Pakistan

Ahmad

Bradbury

Habib

2021

MAJ

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the association between political connections, political uncertainty and audit fees. The authors use various measures of political connections and uncertainty: political connections (civil and military), political events (elections) and a general measure of political stability (i.e. a world bank index). Design/methodology/approach The authors measure the association between political connections, political uncertainty and audit fees. Audit fees reflect auditors’ perceptions of risk. The authors examine auditors’ business risk, clients’ audit and business risk after controlling for the variables used in prior audit fee research. Findings Results indicate that civil-connected firms pay significantly higher audit fees than non-connected firms owing to the instability of civil-political connections. Military-connected firms pay significantly lower audit fees than non-connected firms owing to the stable form of government. Furthermore, considering high leverage as a measure of clients’ high audit risk and high return-on-assets (ROA) as a measure of clients’ lower business risk, the authors interact leverage and ROA with civil and military connections. The results reveal that these risks moderate the relationship between political connection and audit fees. Election risk is independent of risk associated with political connections. General political stability reinforces the theme that a stable government results in lower risks. Originality/value The authors combine cross-sectional measures of political uncertainty (civil or military connections) with time-dependent measures (general measures of political instability and elections).

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Section: Literature Review and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Political connections, political uncertainty and audit fees: evidence from Pakistan

Ahmad

Bradbury

Habib

2021

MAJ

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“…This actually did not empower the citizens and local government. The researchers argued that military regimes only safeguard their own interests 23 . It was further strengthened this argument by arguing that local government in South Asia is stronger in authoritarian regimes.…”

Section: Local Government In Pakistan: Historical Analysis (1947-2016)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Local Governance and Decentralization to empower Citizens in Pakistan: A Historical Analysis

Rafique¹,

Rosilawati²,

Habib³

2020

UNISCIJ

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Contemporary development discourse confers a protuberant role to decentralization and local governance. To comply with this developmental demand, the Government of Pakistan introduced local governance and decentralization measures to use local governance system as a platform for localizing development and engaging local citizens. This article explores the historical level of the local governance system in Pakistan and the manifold problems that contributed to the absence of an adequate and capable local government system. Empowerment, accountability and transparency mechanisms in local governance systems are not functioning properly and hence the performance and results of the local governance system are very unsatisfactory.

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“…Tenth parliamentary election 2014 and its aftermath Multiparty (40 are registered out of 170 political parties) political system and parliamentary form of government is the main feature of politics and governance of the country. Though the country had started its journey with parliamentary form of government, it was buried by the brutal killing of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Father of Bangladesh) by a military coup and continued till 1990 under various military and undemocratic rulers (Talbot, 1998, cited in Bhave andKingston, 2009). The second phase of democracy has started from 1991.The major political parties are AL) (Hasina), BNP (Khaleda), Jatio Party (Ershad), Communist Party of Bangladesh and Jamaat Islami Bangladesh (recently unregistered by High Court Order on 1 August 2013).…”

Section: Types Of Electoral Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Parliamentary election and electoral violence in Bangladesh: the way forward

Mollah

Jahan²

2018

IJLMA

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the 10th national election held on 5 January 2014, and the violent incidents took place during, before and after the election in Bangladesh. Violence-free competitive, fair and credible national election is a prioritized issue in the politics and governance discourse in Bangladesh now. In this paper, relevant literature has been reviewed first for conceptual understanding, Then, the paper investigates to explore the causes and outcomes of violence took place centering the 10th parliamentary election in Bangladesh. Finally, it prescribes possible ways forward to overcome this crisis. Design/methodology/approach The paper is descriptive and qualitative in nature and based on secondary sources of materials. As it focused on a particular country and issue relating to the electoral violence of a particular national election in Bangladesh, it is a case study too. Most of the information and data have been used from published documents like journal articles, books and newspaper reports. Relevant information collected also from online sources. Findings The electoral violence may happen for various causes, yet the significant cause is the motive of the incumbent for picking up power over and again. Similarly, lack of cooperation of political parties, negligence and domination of ruling parties over opposition are also responsible for electoral and political violence before, during and after the election. In addition, violation of human rights, rule of law and, finally, the poor governance of Bangladesh are because of the lack of meaningful democratic government, strong political will and consensus among all political parties. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this research is the lack of financial supports to collect empirical data from concerned stakeholders through field visit. Practical implications The paper deals with an urgent issue of Bangladesh which is essential for a free, fair and credible election. To make the EC an independent institute, a law should be enacted for recruitment of Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and other commissioners of EC as per Article 118(1) of Bangladesh Constitution. To find out neutral and impartial CEC and other members of EC, a search committee is very essential, and for constituting a search committee, a law also should be enacted by the Parliament. Therefore, it would be very helpful for electoral and legal reform to overcome the problem of electoral violence in Bangladesh. Social implications The findings of this paper will be accepted by the readers, scholars and policymakers. A radical change will come to the politics and governance of Bangladesh. Thus, the paper would be beneficial for the society and community people as well as citizens of Bangladesh. Originality/value The paper would be helpful for policymakers to revamp the existing drawback of electoral policies and practice in Bangladesh. For a meaningful and effective Parliament, it would be necessary. The paper would be essential for the future scholars and researchers of this area to use as reference. Finally, the academicians and readers will find their food in the field of politics, administration and governance.

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Military coups and the consequences of durable de facto power: the case of Pakistan

Abstract: Military, Coups, Pakistan, N40, P00, H56,

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Political connections, political uncertainty and audit fees: evidence from Pakistan

Political connections, political uncertainty and audit fees: evidence from Pakistan

Development of Local Governance and Decentralization to empower Citizens in Pakistan: A Historical Analysis

Parliamentary election and electoral violence in Bangladesh: the way forward

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