Military maxillofacial injuries treated at the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine: June 2001 to December 2007

Combat-Related Craniofacial and Cervical Injuries: A 5-Year Review From the British Military

“…This is a limitation that has been found in every review based on retrospective databases to date. [1][2][3]5,12,13,25,26 …”

“…mortem examination performed. Data on both groups are collected in a joint trauma registry, based on a similar system to that used by the US military [1][2][3]25 and has been previously used to analyze maxillofacial injuries evacuated to the United Kingdom 26 and cervical spine injury. 27 Data regarding battle injuries and total numbers of evacuations to RCDM was supplied by the Defense Analytical and Statistics Agency (DASA) using the J97 Field Hospital Admissions for those Wounded in Action and comparing that to the Defense Patient Tracking System.…”

Current Concepts in the Epidemiology and Management of Battlefield Head, Face and Neck trauma

“…Despite this all military patients sustaining head, face and neck trauma should be resuscitated using the <C>ABC paradigm [10] in which control of catastrophic haemorrhage must come before airway, breathing and circulation. This is because in the modern battlefield, polytrauma is the predominant pattern of injury and the head, face and neck area is rarely injured in isolation [5,11,12]. Severe pain is generally not a feature of face and neck injuries; mobile, painful facial fractures can be temporarily supported with a bandage or roll of field dressing.…”

“…However the rich vascularity of the face means that tissue can often be preserved, unlike other cutaneous areas of the body [20]. Reports from the literature indicate that the majority of procedures performed to the head and neck region, both whilst deployed and also when evacuated to a role 4 facility are soft tissue debridement, exploration and repair [11,12,23] (Figure 5 A&B).…”

Development of a finite element model for blast injuries to the pig mandible and a preliminary biomechanical analysis

“…1,2 Because of the prominence of the facial skeleton and lack of protection, the mandible is the most commonly injured part of the facial skeleton in battlefield trauma, which has been confirmed by many studies, constituting 33%, 3 36%, 4 and 40% 5 of maxillofacial fractures.…”