Military Research on Performance Criteria: A Change of Emphasis

Uhlaner, J. E.; Drucker, Arthur J.

doi:10.1177/001872088002200202

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…The focus of their review, across the disciplines, was on five aspects of performance measurement: purpose, source, criteria, standards for performance measures, and methods of measurement. Earlier work by Chiles (1967), Uhlaner (1972; Uhlaner & Drucker, 1964, 1980), and Meister (1985) is often ignored by I-O researchers, but it provides a useful emphasis on person-machine and system concepts that are becoming increasingly useful with work place technology innovations (i.e., Workplace 2000; Johnston & Packer, 1987). Meister (1985) and Uhlaner (1972) presented several implications of a systems focus for criteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The criterion problem: 1917–1992.

Austin¹,

Villanova²

1992

Journal of Applied Psychology

341

231

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Individuals differ on multiple aspects of their job-role behavior; criteria are measures that attempt to capture these differences. Measures of criteria are used by several constituencies within applied psychology. Among them, researchers used criteria for the evaluation of theories of work behavior, the effective administration of human resources and the provision of feedback to individuals. One index of the importance of criteria is the observation that most, if not all, of the pioneers of industrial-organizational psychology addressed this issue during their careers. This article reviews conceptual and methodological developments pertaining to the criterion problem since 1917, using as an organizing device dimensions, methods of measurement and analysis, and categorizing frameworks. A shift away from an emphasis on brute prediction toward a balanced treatment of both empirical and conceptual issues is highlighted by calls for the validation of criteria and by increased attention to modeling performance, as well as a recognition of multiple perspectives and competing values from which to view performance and criterion measurement.People in organizations behave according to their role perceptions and the roles assigned to them by others. The resulting behaviors and associated outputs, which are often limited by situations (Viteles, 1925(Viteles, -1926b and may vary widely across individuals (Tiffin, 1942;Viteles, 1932), form a large part of the subject matter of industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology. Individual variability on criterion measures interests researchers and managers, who attempt to measure and influence it. Because criteria are essential for evaluation of individuals, programs, and organizational interventions (Schmitt & Klimoski, 1991), the practical significance of criterion measurement has been recognized since the beginning of industrial psychology (Munsterberg, 1913;Scott, 1917). However, the systematic study of criteria per se to expand scientific knowledge This article is dedicated to Robert L. Thorndike, 1910Thorndike, -1990, who made monumental contributions to the study of criteria during his long career at Teachers College, Columbia University. Both authors contributed equally to the preparation of this article.We thank the following individuals, who critically and constructively commented on earlier versions of this article:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The criterion problem: 1917–1992.

Austin¹,

Villanova²

1992

Journal of Applied Psychology

341

231

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The Testing Literature

1986

Advances in Human Factors/Ergonomics

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Book Reviews

1983

Personnel Psychology

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Book Reviewed in this article: Juch, Bert. Personal Development: Theory and Practice in Management Training. Rychlak, Joseph F. Personality and Life‐Style of Young Male Managers: A Logical Learning Theory Analysis. Osipow, Samuel H. Theories of Career Development. Toch, Hans and Grant, J. Douglas. Reforming Human Services: Change Through Participation. Goodman, Paul S. and Associates. Change in Organizations: New Perspectives on Theory, Research and Practice. Schön, Donald A. The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Gallessich, June. The Profession and Practice of Consultation. Fineman, Stephen. White Collar Unemployment: Impact and Stress. Sudman, Seymour and Bradburn, Norman M. Asking Questions: A Practical Guide to Questionnaire Design. Bailey, Robert W. Human Performance Engineering: A Guide for System Designers. Guzzo, Richard A. and Bondy, Jeffrey S. A Guide to Worker Productivity Experiments in the United States 1976‐81. Hollinger, Richard C. and Clark, John P. Theft by Employees. Steers, Richard M. and Porter, Lyman W. Motivation and Work Behavior. Manuso, James S. J. (Editor) Occupational Clinical Psychology. Cooper, Cary L. (Editor) Stress Research: Issues for the Eighties. Paine, Whiton Stewart. (Editor) Job Stress and Burnout: Research, Theory, and Intervention Perspectives. French, John R. P., Jr., Caplan, Robert D. and Harrison, R. Van. The Mechanisms of Job Stress and Strain. Allen, Robert W. and Porter, Lyman W. (Editors) Organizational Influence Processes. Schlesinger, Leonard A., Eccles, Robert G. and Garbarro, John J. Managing Behavior in Organizations: Text, Cases, and Readings. Szilagyi, Andrew D., Jr. and Wallace, Marc J., Jr. Organizational Behavior and Performance. Hackman J. Richard, Lawler, Edward E., III, and Porter, Lyman W. (Editors) Perspectives on Behavior in Organizations. Lewis, Phillip V. Managing Human Relations. Johns, Gary. Organizational Behavior: Understanding Life at Work. Feldman, Daniel C. and Arnold, Hugh J. Managing Individual and Group Behavior in Organizations. Scanlan, Burt and Keys, Bernard. Management and Organizational Behavior. Halloran, Jack. Applied Human Relations: An Organizational Approach. Pearlman, Kenneth, Schmidt, Frank L. and Hamner, W. Clay. (Editors) Contemporary Problems in Personnel. Heneman, Herbert G., III, Schwab, Donald P., Fossum, John A. and Dyer, Lee D. Personnel/Human Resource Management. Holley, William H. and Jennings, Kenneth M. Personnel Management: Functions and Issues. Schlesinger, Leonard A. Quality of Work Life and the Supervisor. Eckles, Robert W., Carmichael, Ronald and Sarchet, Bernard R. Supervisory Management: A Short Course in Supervision. Phillips, Keri and Fraser, Tony. The Management of Inierpersonal Skills Training. Sherwood, John J., Faux, Susan N. and King, Donald C. Management Development Strategies: Highlights of the Literature. Ewing, David W. Do It My Way or You're Fired: Employee Rights and the Changing Role of Management Prerogatives. Wallace, Marc J., Jr. and Fay, Charles H. Compensation Theo...

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Military Research on Performance Criteria: A Change of Emphasis

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

The criterion problem: 1917–1992.

The criterion problem: 1917–1992.

The Testing Literature

Book Reviews

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