Military spending and sustainable development

Elgin, Ceyhun; Elveren, Adem Yavuz; Özgür, Gökçer; Dertli, Gül

doi:10.1111/rode.12893

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Further, the results reveal that MILEXP exhibits a negative and significant coefficient in the sub-sample of developed countries, which indicates that 1% increase in military expenditure as a share of government’s total expenditure on average decrease the overall SDGs score by 4.8% in these countries. This provides additional evidence to several previous studies showing that higher military spending is likely to hinder sustainable development (Obasi et al , 2018; Elgin et al , 2022; Erdoğan et al , 2022). As Tian et al (2020) argue, allocating a sizeable military budget would limit financial resources needed to achieve SDGs.…”

Section: Empirical Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Is money laundering a hurdle to achieving Sustainable Development Goals?

Gueddari

Saafi²,

Nouira

2023

JMLC

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Purpose The purpose of this study provide answers to the following research questions: Whether and to what extent money laundering affects the achievability and the trend of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?; Does the influence of money laundering on the SDGs’ achievement differ from developing to developed countries?; How does the influence of money laundering vary among the 17 SDGs? Design/methodology/approach The paper’s analysis involves two key parts. In the first part, the authors perform a multivariate analysis to examine the influence of money laundering on the achievement of SDGs, and then in the second part, the authors make use of an ordered probit regression model to investigate the impact of money laundering on the trend of attaining each SDG. Findings Using a sample of 98 developed and developing countries, the regression results from multivariate analysis estimates show that money laundering has a strong inhibiting effect on the achievement of almost all the SDGs in the whole sample of countries and the sub-sample of developing countries, whereas no significant effect is observed for developed countries. However, for the SDG trends, the ordered probit estimates reveal that the harmful effect of money laundering occurs for all countries regardless their development level. In addition, perhaps surprisingly, the results from both the approaches yield also evidence advocating that money laundering activities might be associated with positive externalities on production and consumption. In fact, money laundering is found to have a significant positive influence on the achievement and the trend of SDG12 (Sustainable Consumption and Production). Overall, this study’s findings do have interesting policy implications, especially for developing countries. In these countries, prioritising the formulation and implementation of sound anti-money laundering policies is a necessary requirement for their progress towards achieving the SDGs. Originality/value The long-standing tradition of previous empirical studies examining the nexus between money laundering and sustainable development concentrates mainly on the economic dimension of sustainability (i.e. economic growth). However, little is known about the consequences of money laundering activities on the environment and the societies. Consequently, this study seeks to fill this gap by assessing the influence of money laundering on the achievement of the economic, environmental and social goals of sustainable development. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first integrated study to analyse the potential repercussions of money laundering on the SDGs’ achievement.

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Section: Empirical Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…MILEXP is the military expenditure as a share in government's total expenditure. As noted by Elgin et al (2022), it could have negative or positive effects on sustainable development. The FREEDOM measure used here is the most commonly used index of economic freedom compiled by Heritage foundation.…”

Section: Money Launderingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is money laundering a hurdle to achieving Sustainable Development Goals?

Gueddari

Saafi²,

Nouira

2023

JMLC

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“…Together with all these appropriate steps, the findings of our study emphasize the necessity of reducing the weight of polluting fossil fuels in energy use in NATO countries with environmental policies such as monitoring energy use in military camps, carbon tax, and renewable energy incentives.Militarization of countries from NATO increases environmental degradation. High MEX are closely related to various environmental and sociocultural problems such as air pollution, access to electricity and drinking water, infant mortality, and low life expectancy(Elgin et al, 2022).NATO has high MEX and military equipment, weapons, and construction increase demand for fossil fuels. Even without war, military transportation activities lead to an expansion of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use.…”

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confidence: 99%

Militarization of NATO countries sparks climate change? Investigating the moderating role of technological progress and financial development

Pata

Destek

Manga

et al. 2023

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Does corruption moderate the military spending – Informal economy nexus? The empirical evidence from Asian countries

Tran Pham

2024

IJSE

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PurposeIn pursuit of good governance and better allocation of resources, corruption and informal economy are of interest to policymakers and citizens alike. The impacts of military spending on the informal economy are scant. Moreover, the effects of an external factor, such as corruption that moderates this relationship, have largely been neglected in previous studies. Hence, this paper investigates how corruption moderates the effects of military spending on the informal economy in 30 Asian countries from 1995 to 2017.Design/methodology/approachThis paper utilizes the GMM estimation technique, which allows cross-sectional dependence and slope homogeneity in panel data analysis, to examine the moderating role of corruption on the relationship between military spending and the informal economy.FindingsEmpirical findings from this paper indicate that an increase in military spending declines the informal economy while corruption increases it. Interestingly, the negative effects of military spending on the informal economy will mitigate with a greater degree of corruption in the Asian region. We also find that enhancing economic growth and attracting more FDI has reduced the informal economy in Asian countries.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first empirical study conducted to examine the moderating role of corruption on the military spending – informal economy nexus. Thus far, this approach has not been investigated in the existing literature, particularly for Asian countries.

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Military spending and sustainable development

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Is money laundering a hurdle to achieving Sustainable Development Goals?

Is money laundering a hurdle to achieving Sustainable Development Goals?

Militarization of NATO countries sparks climate change? Investigating the moderating role of technological progress and financial development

Does corruption moderate the military spending – Informal economy nexus? The empirical evidence from Asian countries

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