Milk and Meat Allergens from Bos taurus β-Lactoglobulin, α-Casein, and Bovine Serum Albumin: An In-Vivo Study of the Immune Response in Mice

Abstract

The mechanism of food allergy may vary. This study aimed to compare the effects of milk, yogurt, or beef meat supplementation on humoral and cellular immune responses in a mice model. Mice were divided into four groups: The “Milk group” was sensitized with a β-lactoglobulin (β-lg)/α-casein (α-CN) mixture and supplemented cow milk; the “Yogurt group” was sensitized with β-lg/α-CN and supplemented yogurt; the “Beef group” was immunized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and supplemented beef meat; and the “PBS group” received PBS in all procedures. ELISA was used to measure humoral response, including: Total IgE, specific IgG, and IgA. Cellular response was determined by phenotyping lymphocyte from lymphoid tissue and measuring the Th1/Th2 cytokine concentration with flow cytometry. The qPCR method was used for quantification of the fecal microbiota. The results obtained revealed a lower IgE level for the Yogurt group than for the Milk one. In the Yogurt group, the contribution of regulatory T cells to MLN and PP was higher compared to the other groups. We confirmed that diet supplementation with yogurt modulates the immune response to the prime allergen, and changes the activity of serum antibodies to milk proteins and BSA. Based on a specific antibodies level, we cannot exclude the possibility of CMA mice reaction against BSA.

Anti-Atherosclerotic Properties of Wild Rice in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice: The Gut Microbiome, Cytokines, and Metabolomics Study

“…We have reported a beneficial change in the inflammatory pathways of mice that were fed either wild rice or Saskatoon berries [27,28]. Additionally, a recent study monitoring dietary changes in mice demonstrated that specific microbes can alter gut T-cell responses [29]. It is possible that the changes in cytokine concentrations that we observed in wild rice fed LDL-r-KO mice may indirectly influence plasma when phytochemicals produced by altered gut microbiome species reach the blood.…”

Study protocol: The role of milk matrix lipids in programming the immunoreactivity of proteins derived from lactic acid bacteria

“…As a stimulation for lymphocytes Con A (10 μg/mL) will be used as a positive control. Cells with no treatment will be considered a negative control [ 33 , 34 ].…”

OVA-Experienced CD4+ T Cell Transfer and Chicken Protein Challenge Affect the Immune Response to OVA in a Murine Model

“…Purified spleen lymphocytes (SPLs) were cultured in 96-well plates (1 × 10 6 /well) with 200 µL of the complete medium (CM: RPMI 1640 containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, 1 mM non-essential amino acid, 1mM sodium pyruvate, 1mM HEPES, and 10 units/mL penicillin–streptomycin) and then incubated for 120 h, at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 , in the presence of either concanavalin A (ConA, positive control) (10 µg/mL) or OVA (100 µg/mL). The supernatants were collected and stored at −80 °C until analysis, and lymphocytes were harvested for phenotyping by flow cytometry [ 43 ].…”

“…The absorbance was measured at 405 nm on a Jupiter UVM spectrophotometer (ASYS-Hitech GmbH, Eugendorf, Austria). The endpoint titers (EPTs) were expressed as the reciprocal dilution of the last sample dilution of 0.1 OD above the negative control [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”