Milk consumption during pregnancy is associated with increased infant size at birth: prospective cohort study

Olsen, Sjúrður F.; Halldórsson, Thorhallur I.; Willett, Walter C.; Knudsen, Vibeke Kildegaard; Gillman, Matthew W.; Mikkelsen, Tina Broby; Olsen, Jørn

doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.4.1104

Cited by 156 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Mannion et al (2006) found that intake of milk fortified with vitamin D, and intake of vitamin D were each positively associated with birthweight. Olsen et al (2007) also found that milk and milk protein intake was associated with higher birthweight and suggested that water soluble substances in milk increase fetal growth. They did not investigate vitamin D intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The association of maternal diet and dietary supplement intake in pregnant New Zealand women with infant birthweight

Watson

McDonald

2009

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To investigate the association of infant birthweight with maternal diet and supplement intake. Subjects/Methods: Prospective cohort study of 504 European and Polynesian urban and rural pregnant volunteers recruited from northern New Zealand clinics. Subjects were visited in months 4 (mth4) and 7 (mth7) of pregnancy when height, weight and skinfolds were measured, questionnaires to determine personal details administered, and diet assessed by a 24-hour recall and 3-day food record. Results: After adjusting for confounders nutrients accounted for up to 5.0% of the total variance in birthweight. Ethnicity was not a significant confounder. A quadratic relationship existed between birthweight and % total energy (%TE) from carbohydrate, fat and protein, most significantly with carbohydrate energy (P ¼ 0.002). Birthweight was greatest (B3600 g) when carbohydrate %TE was 48%, fat 35% and protein 17%. Birthweight was reduced with high b-carotene intakes (mth4, P ¼ 0.009) and with both high retinol and b-carotene intakes in mth4 and 7 (average). Birthweight was positively associated with increasing pantothenic acid/biotin ratios (P ¼ 0.011), magnesium (P ¼ 0.000) and vitamin D (P ¼ 0.015) intakes in mth4; with biotin (P ¼ 0.040) and B 12 intakes above the RDI (P ¼ 0.006) in mth7; and with pantothenic acid intake in mth4&7 (P ¼ 0.002). Dietary supplement usage was associated with increased birthweight, most significantly iron supplementation (P ¼ 0.006). Conclusion: Birthweight was associated with the %TE from carbohydrate, fat and protein, and with b-carotene, retinol, vitamins D and B 12 , pantothenic acid, biotin and magnesium intakes and iron supplementation. More research may be required on some dietary recommendations for pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The association of maternal diet and dietary supplement intake in pregnant New Zealand women with infant birthweight

Watson

McDonald

2009

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Knudsen et al found that women with a 'health conscious' dietary pattern characterized by higher intake of fruits and vegetables, fish and poultry had 24 % reduced odds of delivering an SGA infant compared with women with a 'Western' dietary pattern characterized by a higher intakes of red and processed meat, high-fat dairy and energy (36) . Olsen et al demonstrated reduced odds of SGA with increasing maternal milk consumption as compared with no milk intake, as well as higher odds of LGA with milk intakes exceeding 2-3 glasses/d (37) . Brantsaeter et al found reduced risk of SGA but no impact on risk of LGA with higher fish and seafood intake (38) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a New Nordic Diet score and its association with gestational weight gain and fetal growth – a study performed in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)

Hillesund

Bere

Haugen

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

101

154

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Objective: To construct a diet score for assessing degree of adherence to a healthy and environmentally friendly New Nordic Diet (NND) and to investigate its association with adequacy of gestational weight gain and fetal growth in a large prospective birth cohort. Design: Main exposure was NND adherence, categorized as low, medium or high adherence. Main outcomes were adequacy of gestational weight gain, described as inadequate, optimal or excessive according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines, and fetal growth, categorized as being small, appropriate or large for gestational age. Associations of NND adherence with gestational weight gain and fetal growth were estimated with multinomial logistic regression in crude and adjusted models. Setting: Norway. Subjects: Women (n 66 597) from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Results: Higher NND adherence implied higher energy and nutrient intakes, higher nutrient density and a healthier macronutrient distribution. Normal-weight women with high as compared with low NND adherence had lower adjusted odds of excessive gestational weight gain (OR = 0·93; 95 % CI 0·87, 0·99; P = 0·024). High as compared with low NND adherence was associated with reduced odds of the infant being born small for gestational age (OR = 0·92; 95 % CI 0·86, 0·99; P = 0·025) and with higher odds of the baby being born large for gestational age (OR = 1·07; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·15; P = 0·048). Conclusions: The NND score captures diet quality. Adherence to a regional diet including a large representation of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, potatoes, fish, game, milk and drinking water during pregnancy may facilitate optimal gestational weight gain in normal-weight women and improve fetal growth in general.

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“…Milk contains many potentially growth-promoting factors and is associated with higher birth weight for gestational age (Olsen et al, 2007). Furthermore, a study in a group of pregnant African-American adolescents found that nutrition was significantly related to fetal femur growth during pregnancy, such that dairy intakes of o2 servings per day were associated with lower fetal bone development than were greater intakes of dairy (Chang et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between maternal diet during pregnancy and bone mass of the children at age 16

et al. 2009

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Background/Objectives: Fetal life may be a critical period for the development and/or programming of metabolic systems, including the skeleton. However, it is unclear on the association between maternal nutrition during pregnancy and bone mass in their offspring at adolescence. Subjects/Methods: This was a birth cohort study of 216 adolescents (16.2 ± 0.4 years). Dietary intake was measured by food frequency questionnaire. Bone densitometry was measured at the femoral neck, lumbar spine and total body by DXA. Results: After adjustment for confounders, bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck was positively associated with magnesium density and negatively associated with fat density (all P-values o0.05). BMD of the lumbar spine was positively associated with calcium, magnesium and phosphorus density and negatively associated with fat density (all P-values o0.05). Maternal milk intake was significantly positively associated with lumbar spine BMD. After considering all significant nutrients in the same model, fat density remained significant negatively for the femoral neck and lumbar spine, whereas magnesium density remained significant positively for the femoral neck. No nutrient was significant for the total body. Conclusions: Maternal intake of milk, fat and magnesium during the third trimester of pregnancy is predictive of BMD at age 16, suggesting that in utero diet influences peak bone mass possibly through programming bone responses.

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Milk consumption during pregnancy is associated with increased infant size at birth: prospective cohort study

Abstract: Milk intake in pregnancy was associated with higher birth weight for gestational age, lower risk of SGA, and higher risk of LGA.

Cited by 156 publications

References 31 publications

The association of maternal diet and dietary supplement intake in pregnant New Zealand women with infant birthweight

The association of maternal diet and dietary supplement intake in pregnant New Zealand women with infant birthweight

Development of a New Nordic Diet score and its association with gestational weight gain and fetal growth – a study performed in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)

The association between maternal diet during pregnancy and bone mass of the children at age 16

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