Milk Enriched with Conjugated Linoleic Acid Fails to Alter Blood Lipids or Body Composition in Moderately Overweight, Borderline Hyperlipidemic Individuals

Venkatramanan, Sudha; Joseph, Shama; Chouinard, P.Y.; Jacques, Hélène; Farnworth, E. R.; Jones, Peter J H

doi:10.1080/07315724.2010.10719829

Cited by 47 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The authors stated that this was important due to links between enzymic activity and the production of carcinogens. However, it is important to note that the main aim of the study was to examine the effects of CLA-enriched milk on lipid metabolism and body composition (38) . Currently the evidence for the anti-carcinogenic properties of CLA in human subjects is limited to observational studies, with broader epidemiological evidence not specifically focusing on CLA but rather on milk and dairy products.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human health effects of conjugated linoleic acid from milk and supplements

et al. 2011

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The primary purpose of the present review was to determine if the scientific evidence available for potential human health benefits of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is sufficient to support health claims on foods based on milk naturally enriched with cis-9, trans-11-CLA (c9,t11-CLA). A search of the scientific literature was conducted and showed that almost all the promising research results that have emerged in relation to cancer, heart health, obesity, diabetes and bone health have been in animal models or in vitro. Most human intervention studies have utilised synthetic CLA supplements, usually a 50:50 blend of c9,t11-CLA and trans-10, cis-12-CLA (t10,c12-CLA). Of these studies, the only evidence that is broadly consistent is an effect on body fat and weight reduction. A previous review of the relevant studies found that 3.2 g CLA/d resulted in a modest body fat loss in human subjects of about 0.09 kg/week, but this effect was attributed to the t10,c12-CLA isomer. There is no evidence of a consistent benefit of c9,t11-CLA on any health conditions; and in fact both synthetic isomers, particularly t10,c12-CLA, have been suspected of having pro-diabetic effects in individuals who are already at risk of developing diabetes. Four published intervention studies using naturally enriched CLA products were identified; however, the results were inconclusive. This may be partly due to the differences in the concentration of CLA administered in animal and human studies. In conclusion, further substantiation of the scientific evidence relating to CLA and human health benefits are required before health claims can be confirmed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human health effects of conjugated linoleic acid from milk and supplements

et al. 2011

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“…Mean and standard deviation for TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TAG before and after placebo or CLA consumption were extracted. Data from the following studies were not extracted: four studies without complete data for analysis (35)(36)(37)(38) , four studies without a placebo group (32,(39)(40)(41) , one study that considered special polymorphisms (PPARγ2, Pro12Ala) of healthy adults (42) , one study done on adolescents (43) and participants of three studies had signs of metabolic syndrome or borderline hyperlipidaemia (44)(45)(46) . Complete information about excluded studies is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of foods enriched in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and CLA supplements with lipid profile in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Derakhshande-Rishehri

Mansourian

Kelishadi

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The present study aimed to review the association of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) consumption in two forms, foods enriched in CLA and CLA supplements, with serum lipid profile in human studies. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting: Search process was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus and Science Direct. Clinical trials that investigated the association of CLA intakes either in the form of supplements or enriched foods with lipid profile in healthy adults were included. All outcomes were recorded as continuous variables, and the effect size was measured by analysis of the mean and standard deviation before and after the intervention for case and control groups. Subjects: Healthy adult population. Results: CLA supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in LDL cholesterol (mean difference = − 0·218; 95 % CI − 0·358, − 0·077; P = 0·002), a nonsignificant decrease in HDL cholesterol (mean difference = − 0·051; 95 % CI − 0·188, 0·086; P = 0·468), a non-significant increase in total cholesterol (mean difference = 0·009; 95 % CI − 0·128, 0·146; P = 0·896) and a non-significant decrease in TAG (mean difference = − 0·065; 95 % CI − 0·20, 0·07; P = 0·344). Foods enriched with CLA were associated with significantly decreased LDL cholesterol (mean difference = − 0·231; 95 % CI − 0·438, − 0·024; P = 0·028), non-significantly increased HDL-C (mean difference = 0·075; 95 % CI − 0·121, 0·270; P = 0·455), non-significantly decreased total cholesterol (mean difference = − 0·158; 95 % CI − 0·349, 0·042; P = 0·124) and non-significantly decreased TAG (mean difference = − 0·078; 95 % CI − 0·274, 0·117; P = 0·433). Conclusions: According to our analysis, consumption of foods enriched with CLA or CLA supplements has favourable effects on LDL cholesterol levels.

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“…The ANSES opinion (2011) also identified three recent reports on the effects of CLA on blood lipids that had not been included in the meta-analyses quoted above (Joseph et al, 2011;Pfeuffer et al, 2011;Venkatramanan et al, 2010). Two of them had a cross-over design, included 15 (Venkatramanan et al, 2010) and 36 (Joseph et al, 2011) overweight subjects, respectively, and provided CLA (as the c-9,t-11 isomer or the 50:50 isomer mixture) at doses up to 2.8 g/day for 8 weeks.…”

Section: Effects On Blood Lipids and Lipoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of them had a cross-over design, included 15 (Venkatramanan et al, 2010) and 36 (Joseph et al, 2011) overweight subjects, respectively, and provided CLA (as the c-9,t-11 isomer or the 50:50 isomer mixture) at doses up to 2.8 g/day for 8 weeks. The third study had a parallel design, included about 20 overweight men per study arm, lasted 4 weeks and used the 1:1 CLA isomer mixture at a dose of 3.6 g/day (Pfeuffer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Effects On Blood Lipids and Lipoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ANSES opinion (2011) identified nine human intervention studies on the effects of CLA on markers of subclinical systemic inflammation [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-5, 15-keto-dihydro-PGF 2 , prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ), interferon-γ] or vascular inflammation [soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin)] not explicitly cited in previous EFSA opinions (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), 2010a, 2010b) in relation to this outcome (Aryaeian et al, 2009;Joseph et al, 2011;Mullen et al, 2007;Nugent et al, 2005;Pfeuffer et al, 2011;Sluijs et al, 2010;Smit et al, 2011;Turpeinen et al, 2008;Venkatramanan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Markers Of Systemic (Subclinical) Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statement on the safety of the “conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) rich oils” Clarinol® and Tonalin® TG 80 as Novel Food ingredients

Products¹

2012

EFSA Journal

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to update its opinions on the safety of the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)‐rich oils Clarinol® and Tonalin® TG 80 as Novel Food ingredients in the light of additional information provided by Member States to the European Commission. Clarinol® and Tonalin® TG 80 consist of approximately 80% of the two CLA isomers c‐9, t‐11 and t‐10c‐12 (1:1). The applicants suggested a daily intake of CLA of 3g (3.75g Clarinol®) and 3.5g (4.5g Tonalin® TG 80), respectively. The Panel considers that the additional information provided does not contain evidence thath would modify its previous conclusions regarding the effects of CLA on insulin sensitivity/glucose metabolism, blood lipids, lipid peroxidation, or subclinical inflammation. The Panel also considers that the new studies provided do not address longer‐term (> 6 months) effects of CLA intake on insulin sensitivity, the arterial wall or liver steatosis, or the safety of CLA in type‐2 diabetic subjects, under the proposed conditions of use. The Panel concludes that the safety of Clarinol® and Tonalin® TG 80 has been established for the proposed uses and daily doses for up to six months. The safety of CLA consumption for periods longer than six months has not been established under the proposed conditions of use. The safety of CLA consumption by type‐2 diabetic subjects has not been established.

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Milk Enriched with Conjugated Linoleic Acid Fails to Alter Blood Lipids or Body Composition in Moderately Overweight, Borderline Hyperlipidemic Individuals

Abstract: Results from this study fail to support the role of milk enriched naturally with CLA containing c-9, t-11 or synthetically with c-9, t-11 and t-10, c-12 CLA isomers in modulation of lipid profiles or body composition in moderately overweight, borderline hyperlipidemic individuals.

Cited by 47 publications

References 30 publications

Human health effects of conjugated linoleic acid from milk and supplements

Human health effects of conjugated linoleic acid from milk and supplements

Association of foods enriched in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and CLA supplements with lipid profile in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Statement on the safety of the “conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) rich oils” Clarinol® and Tonalin® TG 80 as Novel Food ingredients

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