Milk Fat Nutrition

Parodi, Peter W.

doi:10.1002/9781444316223.ch2

Cited by 108 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The decrease in PUFA and RA in S22 cheeses, compared with S8 cheeses, due to longer grazing is in accordance with the observations by Cabiddu et al (2005 and2009) on milk from ewes exposed to sulla CT. This result could be linked to the eating pattern previously described for S22 ewes (more small meals widely partitioned throughout the day) that, in addition to improving DM digestibility, would have also mitigated the adverse effects of CT accumulation on PUFA biohydrogenating bacteria in the rumen, as supported by the slight (but not significant) decrease in VA acid, to which can be linked the lower DR of RA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The BCFA content was lower in sulla cheese, especially when sulla was grazed for a longer period of time. Milk BCFA, which has garnered interest because of its anti-cancer activity, is particularly recognised for its iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 content (Parodi, 2009), which is mainly derived from the biosynthesis of cellulolytic bacteria leaving the rumen. For this reason, they are favoured by diets with higher fibre levels or forage/ concentrate ratio, and are considered markers of rumen microbial fermentation and microbial flow from rumen to the duodenum (Vlaeminck et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RA is the most abundant among CLA isomers, and is known for its benefits on human health due to its anti-cancer and anti-atherogenic effects (Parodi, 2009). Hence, the HPI, which assigns a health value to cheese fat, was the highest in S8 cheeses that consequently appeared to be less detrimental to human health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, exposure of ewes (Cabiddu et al, 2005 and2009) and goats (Bonanno et al, 2013b) to the CT contained in sulla forage increased the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in milk, which has beneficial effects on human health as CT inhibits the complete ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary PUFA. In addition, due to its CT content, sulla fresh forage-based diets were able to improve the plasma oxidative status and increase the polyphenol content and total antioxidant capacity of milk in goats (Di Trana et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of ewes grazing sulla or ryegrass pasture for different daily durations on forage intake, milk production and fatty acid composition of cheese

Bonanno

Grigoli

Mazza

et al. 2016

animal

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Sulla (Sulla coronarium L.) forage is valued for its positive impact on ruminant production, in part due to its moderate content of condensed tannin (CT). The duration of daily grazing is a factor affecting the feed intake and milk production of ewes. In this study, the effects of grazing sulla pasture compared with annual ryegrass, and the extension of grazing from 8 to 22 h/day, were evaluated with regard to ewe forage intake and milk production, as well as the physicochemical properties and fatty acid (FA) composition of cheese. During 42 days in the spring, 28 ewes of the Comisana breed were divided into four groups (S8, S22, R8 and R22) that grazed sulla (S) or ryegrass (R) for 8 (0800 to 1600 h) or 22 h/day, and received no feeding supplement. In six cheese-making sessions, cheeses were manufactured from the 48 h bulk milk of each group. Compared with ewes grazing ryegrass, those grazing sulla had higher dry matter (DM) intake, intake rate and milk yield, and produced milk that was lower in fat and higher in casein. Ewes grazing for 22 h spent more time eating, which reduced the intake rate, increased DM and nutrient intake and milk yield, and reduced milk fat. Due to the ability of CT to inhibit the complete ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the FA composition of sulla cheese was more beneficial for consumer health compared with ryegrass cheese, having lower levels of saturated fatty acids and higher levels of PUFA and n-3 FA. The FA profile of S8 cheese was better than that of S22 cheese, as it was higher in branched-chain FA, monounsaturated FA, PUFA, rumenic acid (c9,t11-C18:2), and had a greater health-promoting index. The effect of short grazing time on sulla was attributed to major inhibition of PUFA biohydrogenating ruminal bacteria, presumably stimulated by the higher accumulation of sulla CT in the rumen, which is related to a higher intake rate over a shorter eating time. Thus, grazing sulla improved the performance of ewes, thereby increasing, especially with short grazing time, the nutritional properties of cheese fat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of ewes grazing sulla or ryegrass pasture for different daily durations on forage intake, milk production and fatty acid composition of cheese

Bonanno

Grigoli

Mazza

et al. 2016

animal

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“…There are minor components of animal fat that have unverified human health benefits (Parodi 1997(Parodi , 2004. In animals, fat is a metabolically active energy store, as adipose tissue, or a nutritive substance, as in milk.…”

Section: Components Of Animal Fat With Known Health Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should animal fats be back on the table? A critical review of the human health effects of animal fat

Barendse

2014

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract.Humans hunt or raise a wide variety of animals for meat, which vary from free-range to intensively reared. These animals form a valuable part of human nutrition. Their tissues, including the fat, contain vitamin and other essential nutrients necessary for health. However, animal fat from ruminants and other land mammals is usually regarded as saturated. The purpose of this review is partly to examine the basis for the saturated fat hypothesis of cardiovascular disease given more recent research, to examine the human health effects of animal fats, and partly to draw into one place the diverse knowledge about animal fat and the effects of fat on metabolism. Mechanistic understanding of the initiation of the fatty streak and atherosclerosis calls into question the avoidance of ruminant or porcine fat. Due to high levels of oleic acid, a low n-6 : n-3 fatty acid ratio in some groups, and the presence of specific micronutrients including vitamins and essential fatty acids, animal fats are of benefit in human nutrition. Animal fats can be obtained in minimally processed form making them a convenient source of energy and micronutrients.

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Synthesis and Complexation of Multiarmed Cycloveratrylene‐Type Ligands: Observation of the “Boat” and “Distorted‐Cup” Conformations of a Cyclotetraveratrylene Derivative

Sumby¹,

Gordon²,

Walsh³

et al. 2008

Chemistry A European J

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Investigations of a previously reported ligand, hexakis(2-pyridylmethyl)cyclotricatechylene (1), and a new tetrameric bridging ligand, octakis(2-pyridylmethyl)cyclotetracatechylene (2), the latter constructed on a larger cyclotetraveratrylene (CTTV) scaffold, are described. Variable-temperature NMR studies support a "sofa" conformation for 2, akin to studies on the parent compound. The coordination chemistry of 2 and its smaller trimeric homologue have also been investigated with silver(I), copper(II) and palladium(II) salts. An unexpected chelating mode was observed for 1 in the structure of DMF subset[Pd(3)Cl(6)(1)] x DMF, whereby the palladium cations bridge two veratrole subunits rather than chelating within a single subunit. In the structure of [Ag(4)(2)][Co(C(2)B(9)H(11))(2)](4) x 2.8 CH(3)CN x H(2)O, ligand 2 adopts a "boat" conformation, whereas in [Pd(4)Cl(8)(2)] x 4 H(2)O, (1)H NMR spectroscopic studies and calculations indicate that the ligand is present in a previously unobserved "distorted-cup" conformation. This conformation was calculated to be approximately 90 kJ mol(-1) lower in energy than the alternative "sofa" conformation. Thus, coordination-induced conformational control over CTTV derivatives offers new routes to exploit the host-guest chemistry of these compounds.

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Milk Fat Nutrition

Cited by 108 publications

References 82 publications

Effects of ewes grazing sulla or ryegrass pasture for different daily durations on forage intake, milk production and fatty acid composition of cheese

Effects of ewes grazing sulla or ryegrass pasture for different daily durations on forage intake, milk production and fatty acid composition of cheese

Should animal fats be back on the table? A critical review of the human health effects of animal fat

Synthesis and Complexation of Multiarmed Cycloveratrylene‐Type Ligands: Observation of the “Boat” and “Distorted‐Cup” Conformations of a Cyclotetraveratrylene Derivative

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