Milk in the city: profiles and development paths for urban dairy holders in Ethiopia

D'Haene, Eline; D’Haese, Marijke

doi:10.1080/0376835x.2019.1689099

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, reliance on family labor can slow down intensification of labor-intensive dairy production if availability of family labor is low [ 32 ]. An interesting dynamic documented in other urban and peri-urban areas but not observed in Bengaluru is the replacement of family labor with hired labor for dairy production paid by off-farm monetary activities done by the family labor [ 33 , 34 ]. New job opportunities available in the city [ 35 ], especially for a younger better-educated generation [ 11 ], might partly explain the lower number of dairy producers in urban areas as seen in Bengaluru; this deserves more research, especially since farm persistence in and adaptations to an urbanizing environment are linked to internal family dynamics [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, for 95% of all dairy producers across Bengaluru’s rural-urban interface, the dairy cooperatives served as the marketing channel for all or a part of their milk production, thereby fulfilling their role in i) scaling-up milk collection, processing and marketing to urban areas [ 21 ]; ii) being accessible to smallholder dairy producers, whereas private dairy processors prefer partnership with resource-rich dairy producers [ 40 ]. Through its dairy cooperatives, Bengaluru thus indeed nurtured the intensification of its dairy sector by easing access to new production inputs [ 12 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso [ 15 ]. Interestingly, the ubiquitousness of Ext DPS showed that reliance on public lands was an extensification strategy pursued also by rural dairy producers, which could be linked to issues of land accessibility [ 41 ] or availability of family labor [ 11 , 33 – 36 ]. On the other hand, three DPS coexisted in rural areas, highlighting a diversity of production strategies and specific sets of constraints versus opportunities in resource availability or environmental conditions for dairy producers even at the same urbanization level: e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, many dairy producers in the southern transect took advantage of the higher water availability by cultivating forage for their cattle, which potentially explains the higher prevalence of Int DPS in the southern transect. Since improved animal nutrition and genetics are the most effective steps to improve–and intensify–dairy production [ 33 , 42 ], predictors related to nutrition and breeding/herd management allowed assessing the intensification level of the four DPS. Differences in intensification level were strongest in peri-urban and rural areas, with dairy producers classified from extensive to intensive, while the majority of urban dairy producers were extensive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dairy production in an urbanizing environment—Typology and linkages in the megacity of Bengaluru, India

et al. 2021

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Urbanization is a main driver of agricultural transition in the Global South but how it shapes trends of intensification or extensification is not yet well understood. The Indian megacity of Bengaluru combines rapid urbanization with a high demand for dairy products, which is partly supplied by urban and peri-urban dairy producers. To study the impacts of urbanization on dairy production and to identify key features of dairy production systems across Bengaluru’s rural-urban interface, 337 dairy producers were surveyed on the socio-economic profile of their household, their dairy herd and management, resources availability and, in- and output markets. A two-step cluster analysis identified four spatially explicit dairy production systems based on urbanization level of their neighborhood, reliance on self-cultivated forages, pasture use, cattle in- and outflow and share of specialized dairy genotypes. The most extensive dairy production system, common to the whole rural-urban interface, utilized publicly available feed resources and pasture grounds rather than to cultivate forages. In rural areas, two semi-intensive and one intensive dairy production systems relying on self-cultivation of forage with or without pasture further distinguished themselves by their herd and breeding management. In rural areas, the village’s dairy cooperative, which also provided access to inputs such as exotic genotype through artificial insemination, concentrate feeds and health care, was often the only marketing channel available to dairy producers, irrespective of the dairy production system to which they belonged. In urban areas, milk was mostly sold through direct marketing or a middleman. Despite rapidly progressing urbanization and a population of 10 million, Bengaluru’s dairy sector still relies on small-scale family dairy farms. Shifts in resources availability, such as land and labor, are potential drivers of market-oriented intensification but also extensification of dairy production in an urbanizing environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dairy production in an urbanizing environment—Typology and linkages in the megacity of Bengaluru, India

et al. 2021

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“…Along with the rapid urbanization in West Africa and Asia since the 1990s and driven by urban consumers' demand for daily provision of a highly perishable and nutritionally important product (Schlecht et al, 2019), up to one-third of global milk is now produced by urban and peri-urban dairy production systems (DPS) in LMICs (United Nations, 2018a;FAO, 2020). Socialecological dynamics of urban and peri-urban DPS have been documented in various countries, such as Burkina Faso and Ghana (Dossa et al, 2015;Roessler et al, 2016), Benin (Yassegoungbe et al, 2022), Ethiopia (D'Haene and D'Haese, 2019), Egypt (Daburon et al, 2017), and Bengaluru, India (Reichenbach et al, 2021a). In Bengaluru, the urban and peri-urban space even offers new sources of feedstuffs, such as organic fruit and vegetable wastes from markets or neighbors, and green fodder collected from the surroundings of Bengaluru's numerous urban and peri-urban lakes (Prasad et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in enteric methane emissions across four dairy production systems in the urbanizing environment of an Indian megacity

Reichenbach,

Mech,

Pinto

et al. 2024

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are rapidly urbanizing, leading to a high demand for high-quality animal products. Production increase is seen as a key to meeting this demand and reducing the global environmental impact of low-yielding dairy production system (DPS) often found in LMICs. Therefore, the present study assesses the relationship between enteric methane emissions and different dairy production strategies, taking DPS in the rural–urban interface of Bengaluru, an Indian megacity, as a case study. Twenty-eight dairy farms, evenly distributed across four DPS, were monitored for 1 year (eight visits at 6-week intervals). Following IPCC 2006 guidelines and a Tier 2 approach, enteric methane emissions from dairy cattle were calculated as carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2 eq). Dairy producers in ExtDPS, an extensive DPS found throughout the rural–urban interface of Bengaluru, fed their dairy cattle a high-quality diet, partly based on organic wastes from markets or neighbors, achieving 9.4 kg energy-corrected milk (ECM) per cow and day. Dairy producers in Semi-ADPS, a semi-intensive and rural DPS, fed an average quality diet and achieved the lowest milk production (7.9 kg ECM cow−1 day−1; p < 0.05). Dairy producers in Semi-BDPS, another semi-intensive and rural DPS, relied on average quality but more abundant feedstuffs and achieved a production of 10.0 kg ECM cow−1 day−1. A similar milk yield (10.1 kg ECM cow−1 day−1) was achieved by IntDPS, an intensive and rural DPS. The intensity of enteric methane emissions was the highest in Semi-BDPS (1.38 kg CO2-eq kg−1 ECM; p < 0.05), lowest in ExtDPS (0.79 kg CO2-eq kg−1 ECM; p < 0.05), and intermediate in semi-ADPS and IntDPS. The results highlight the close relationship between the intensity of enteric methane emissions and the intensification strategies chosen by dairy producers based on locally available resources. They also underline the importance of region- and system-specific environmental assessments of production systems in LMICs.

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Enteric Methane Production, Yield, and Intensity in Smallholder Dairy Farming Systems in Peri‐Urban Areas of Coastal West African Countries: Case Study of Benin

Yassegoungbe,

Vihowanou,

Onanyemi

et al. 2024

J of Sust Agri & Env

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Enteric methane (eCH4) is a major environmental pollutant emitted by ruminants. To target mitigation measures, it is necessary to accurately estimate GHG emissions from livestock farming. Until now, milk‐producing farms in the peri‐urban areas of South Benin are pasture‐based systems, and have been largely neglected by international research. Therefore, this study estimates eCH4 emissions from pasture‐based peri‐urban dairy farms across four different animal categories during dry and wet seasons. Six herds were selected for field measurements; one representative animal was selected per category from each herd and its body weight estimated. Subsequently, the selected animals were closely monitored on pasture for three consecutive days. Direct observation of their behavior and the hand‐plucking method were used to mimic the animals' selective foraging and to sample parts of the different plant species consumed in proportion to their, to determine the quality of their daily diet. The nutrient content and digestibility of the collected feed samples were assessed using near‐infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, 30 herds were monitored bi‐monthly during a 12‐month period to collect all input and output data, including milk yields. Annual enteric methane (eCH4) emissions per animal category were estimated using the IPCC Tier 2 method. Subsequently, the eCH4 intensities of lactating cows were calculated per kg of fat‐protein corrected milk (FPCM). All statistical analyses were performed using R software. Overall, the average annual eCH4 production was 40.6 kg/head/year and the eCH4 yield was 20.3 g/kg of dry matter intake, with significant differences between seasons and no differences between animal categories. Regardless of season, older animals yielded higher eCH4 outputs. The average eCH4 production per kg of live weight was 0.48 g for both seasons. The overall eCH4 intensity (g CH4/kg FPCM) recorded during the wet season (74.3) was higher than that recorded during the dry season (70.5).

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Milk in the city: profiles and development paths for urban dairy holders in Ethiopia

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Dairy production in an urbanizing environment—Typology and linkages in the megacity of Bengaluru, India

Dairy production in an urbanizing environment—Typology and linkages in the megacity of Bengaluru, India

Differences in enteric methane emissions across four dairy production systems in the urbanizing environment of an Indian megacity

Enteric Methane Production, Yield, and Intensity in Smallholder Dairy Farming Systems in Peri‐Urban Areas of Coastal West African Countries: Case Study of Benin

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