Milk lipid composition and structure; The relevance for infant brain development

Schipper, Lidewij; Dijk, Gertjan van; Beek, Eline M. van der

doi:10.1051/ocl/2020001

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…Despite unaltered TG in fetuses and the placentas, TG concentrations were drastically increased in the livers of 2-day-old Lal-/- offspring. This shift in hepatic lipid accumulation could be due to dietary changes, as mouse milk contains a large amount of fat and is essential for pup survival and development, being the first and only source of nutrition directly after birth [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. In contrast to the liver, the intestine did not appear to be affected by Lal deficiency 2 days and 2 weeks postpartum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defective Lysosomal Lipolysis Causes Prenatal Lipid Accumulation and Exacerbates Immediately after Birth

Kuentzel

Akhmetshina

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Cholesterol and fatty acids are essential lipids that are critical for membrane biosynthesis and fetal organ development. Cholesteryl esters (CE) are degraded by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the cytosol and by lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) in the lysosome. Impaired LAL or HSL activity causes rare pathologies in humans, with HSL deficiency presenting less severe clinical manifestations. The infantile form of LAL deficiency, a lysosomal lipid storage disorder, leads to premature death. However, the importance of defective lysosomal CE degradation and its consequences during early life are incompletely understood. We therefore investigated how defective CE catabolism affects fetus and infant maturation using Lal and Hsl knockout (-/-) mouse models. This study demonstrates that defective lysosomal but not neutral lipolysis alters placental and fetal cholesterol homeostasis and exhibits an initial disease pathology already in utero as Lal-/- fetuses accumulate hepatic lysosomal lipids. Immediately after birth, LAL deficiency exacerbates with massive hepatic lysosomal lipid accumulation, which continues to worsen into young adulthood. Our data highlight the crucial role of LAL during early development, with the first weeks after birth being critical for aggravating LAL deficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defective Lysosomal Lipolysis Causes Prenatal Lipid Accumulation and Exacerbates Immediately after Birth

Kuentzel

Akhmetshina

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…However, adequate intakes have been defined for two nutrients that serve as structural parts of polar lipids, choline and DHA [ 33 , 34 ]. Presently, only limited scientific evidence exists on the brain bioavailability of polar lipids via placental transfer or transport over the blood brain barrier (BBB) [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Nevertheless, supplementing polar lipids in wild-type animal models and healthy infants does suggest benefits for cognitive performance.…”

Section: Nutrients That Play a Role In Neurodevelopmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Infants and Young Children—An Update and Novel Insights

Kadosh

Muhardi²,

Parikh³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Proper nutrition is crucial for normal brain and neurocognitive development. Failure to optimize neurodevelopment early in life can have profound long-term implications for both mental health and quality of life. Although the first 1000 days of life represent the most critical period of neurodevelopment, the central and peripheral nervous systems continue to develop and change throughout life. All this time, development and functioning depend on many factors, including adequate nutrition. In this review, we outline the role of nutrients in cognitive, emotional, and neural development in infants and young children with special attention to the emerging roles of polar lipids and high quality (available) protein. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamic nature of the gut-brain axis and the importance of microbial diversity in relation to a variety of outcomes, including brain maturation/function and behavior are discussed. Finally, the promising therapeutic potential of psychobiotics to modify gut microbial ecology in order to improve mental well-being is presented. Here, we show that the individual contribution of nutrients, their interaction with other micro- and macronutrients and the way in which they are organized in the food matrix are of crucial importance for normal neurocognitive development.

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“…and immune protection (antibodies and oligosaccharides) needed to promote optimal growth and development. Among many other important components of HM, an increasing body of evidence shows that the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and its constituents support the education and development of the immune system of infants [2][3][4][5][6], which is attributed to both the presence of cholesterol and polar lipids, including phospho-and sphingolipids, and to the abundance of glycosylated and non-glycosylated proteins. Because MFGM can exert diverse positive health effects on immune and GI outcomes, brain development, gut functionality, metabolism, and cognition, as reported in human and animal studies [7][8][9], it seems appropriate to think that the addition of MFGM to infant formula (IF) could bring the product closer to approximating HM composition and function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources, Production, and Clinical Treatments of Milk Fat Globule Membrane for Infant Nutrition and Well-Being

et al. 2020

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Research on milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is gaining traction. The interest is two-fold; on the one hand, it is a unique trilayer structure with specific secretory function. On the other hand, it is the basis for ingredients with the presence of phospho- and sphingolipids and glycoproteins, which are being used as food ingredients with valuable functionality, in particular, for use as a supplement in infant nutrition. This last application is at the center of this Review, which aims to contribute to understanding MFGM’s function in the proper development of immunity, cognition, and intestinal trophism, in addition to other potential effects such as prevention of diseases including cardiovascular disease, impaired bone turnover and inflammation, skin conditions, and infections as well as age-associated cognitive decline and muscle loss. The phospholipid composition of MFGM from bovine milk is quite like human milk and, although there are some differences due to dairy processing, these do not result in a chemical change. The MFGM ingredients, as used to improve the formulation in different clinical studies, have indeed increased the presence of phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, and glycoproteins with the resulting benefits of different outcomes (especially immune and cognitive outcomes) with no reported adverse effects. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism(s) of action of MFGM remain to be elucidated and further basic investigation is warranted.

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Milk lipid composition and structure; The relevance for infant brain development

Cited by 22 publications

References 203 publications

Defective Lysosomal Lipolysis Causes Prenatal Lipid Accumulation and Exacerbates Immediately after Birth

Defective Lysosomal Lipolysis Causes Prenatal Lipid Accumulation and Exacerbates Immediately after Birth

Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Infants and Young Children—An Update and Novel Insights

Sources, Production, and Clinical Treatments of Milk Fat Globule Membrane for Infant Nutrition and Well-Being

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