Milk Protein Synthesis in the Lactating Mammary Gland: Insights from Transcriptomics Analyses

Biosynthesis of milk fat, protein, and lactose: roles of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation

“…83). Interestingly, the level of regulation of STAT5 through Jak/Stat signaling by hormones may vary across species, which has been reviewed previously (27). For instance, prolactin in rats increases before parturition and remains high during the entire lactation; in contrast in dairy cows this hormone increases sharply at the onset of lactation and decreases afterwards to prepartal levels.…”

“…For instance, prolactin in rats increases before parturition and remains high during the entire lactation; in contrast in dairy cows this hormone increases sharply at the onset of lactation and decreases afterwards to prepartal levels. Bionaz and collaborators (27) suggested that this difference between species might be associated to the high positive correlation between prolactin and suckling or milking, which is considerably higher in rodents than ruminants.…”

“…Among TF important for regulation of casein genes are the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) beta, the glucocorticoid receptor Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (STAT5), and the octamer binding transcription factor 1 with the Yin and Yang 1 protein being an inhibitor (27). Among them, STAT5 is the most important due to its role in controlling expression of various caseins, genes, and lactalbumin (27).…”

“…A review of the milk protein synthesis and potential regulation in dairy cows was recently published (27), and that information was used to construct the milk protein synthesis part in Fig. 1.…”

“…Among them, STAT5 is the most important due to its role in controlling expression of various caseins, genes, and lactalbumin (27). Activated STAT5 binds to DNA sites known as GAS (interferon-gamma activated sequence) elements and upregulate target genes (reviewed in Ref.…”